Latino Student Fund Supporting Education Essay - 2307 Words

Latino Student Fund: Supporting Education in a Changing World As I exited the metro bus and stepped into the cold, wet, and way-too-early Saturday morning air, my mind pounded with the self-scolding, â€Å"Why am I awake. Why am I awake?†. The second I looked up at the grey-blue sky, however, all dread evaporated. Instead, the gorgeous sight ahead filled me with an incredulous awe. The Washington National Cathedral stood towering in cream-colored splendor, its richly detailed Gothic architecture almost too picturesque to fathom. Intricate spires stood proudly against the low-hanging clouds, as if taunting them to rain. Stunned, I began to follow my friends along a blue stone path surrounded by vivid greenery. As I walked, the chill air invigorated my lungs with each breath, filling me with a sort of peaceful energy. The path led to a smaller, yet still grandiose building which we entered through two large glass doors. Once inside the beautiful building, however, the scene was anything but picturesque. Instead, the one-hundred-plus students attending the Latino Student Fund program had already begun to arrive, their entire families in tow. The students ranged in age from Pre-K to 12th grade, creating a dynamic of almost tangible chaos. The cafeteria had been divided into two sections: a small sitting area for the parents, who often stay during the program, and a much larger section of cafeteria tables at which the students work. Because the program had not yet begun,Show MoreRelatedThe Legislative Movement : Subsidize The College Education Of Texas779 Words   |  4 PagesThe legislative movement to subsidize the college education of undocumented students has been accredited to the state of Texas, which in 2001 took legislative action (House Bill 1403) and enacted an in-state tuition policy that allowed undocumented students to pay in-state tuition rates like any other state resident, moreover, it assisted these students with state financial support (Dra chman, 2006; Flores, 2010b, Dickson and Pender, 2013). From that point forward other states have taking similarRead MoreThe Generation Of Hispanic Leaders1589 Words   |  7 Pagesmission of CHCI is to develop the next generation of Latino leaders. How can leadership be developed within the Latino community? What current Latino leaders are making a difference in your state or community? 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They should advocate for the equitable treatment of all students in their school and in their community. If a school counselor wants to be successful in ensuring an equity-based program, they should consider the role of culture, ethnicity, race, gender, religion, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and other factors (Cu rry Milson, 2013). Any student regardless of background can face developmental and emotionalRead MoreLatinos1799 Words   |  8 PagesThe impact of American recovery and reinvestment act of 2009 in the Latino Community. (1) Unemployment: Changes in unemployment during the recession reveal a rapidly worsening situation for foreign-born Hispanics and native-born Hispanics. The unemployment rates for these groups increased by similar amounts from the fourth quarter of 2007 to the fourth quarter of 2008. However, the number of unemployed persons increased at a much faster rate for foreign-born Hispanics. 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A Brief Note On Medical Students Without Borders - 891 Words

Medical Students Without Borders Aiming to Increase Benefits of Short Term Experiences in Global Health (STEGHs) â€Å"No one here [in the United States] would allow you to perform medical procedures for which you’re not licensed. And that should not change when you cross international boundaries to developing countries,† states Melissa Melby, assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Delaware (Cole 2016). Beginning in the 1980s, Short Term Experiences of Global Health (STEGH) programs have been providing healthcare to developing countries to eliminate health disparities. STEGHs occur for a short duration abroad, with an aim to participate in clinical care, education, research, and public health efforts. However, STEGHs have been plagued with critiques claiming the programs inflict more harm than aid, which has led to ethical violations, cultural insensitivity, and lack of sustainability. 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Apple Case Study Free Essays

Please divide Apple’s history into periods and trace the changes in business models that took place over these periods. Apple history is explained in the case history from 1972 – 2006. Apples history is described below, reflecting on the changes In Business Model (how the company generated revenue). We will write a custom essay sample on Apple Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Beginning years, 1976 – 1 985: Apple was founded In 1976 and they built a computer circuit board named the Apple l. Within span of 4 years they went to PIP with the help of Venture capitalist Markup, Jar. Its original business model was based on selling a computer that could e used straight out of the box with a closed platform. In 1981 IBM introduced a Microsoft’s DOS operating system and it’s an open system and easily cloned, whilst a lack of compatible software on Macintosh (Mac) made net income fall 17%. Steve Jobs was removed from his operational role by the board. Jobs left Apple to find a new company NeXT. The sculls years, 1985-1993: In 1985 John Sculls was appointed as CEO. Sculls was an operations and marketing expert from Pepsi. Scull’s strategy was focused on taking Apple into the corporate world, which he did successfully, making Apple a well-known brand name. During the Sculls years Apple was able to monopolize on the â€Å"love affair† for Macs by selling at a premium. In 1990 Sculls changed the business model to sell their computers at lower prices to get more market share, while also delivering new ‘hit products’ every 6-12 months. Apple embarked on a Joint venture with MOM to create a new operating model, multimedia applications, etc. Sculls also reduced headcount by 10% and moved much of the manufacturing to contractors. Sculls also made himself Technology officer despite having no skills In this area. He was then relinquished of his duties In 1993. The spindled years, 1993 – 1995: Spindled was an engineer and had successfully headed Apple Europe and changed the business model once more to focus on education and publishing. He killed the plan to put the SO on Intel and instead he would license other companies to produce MAC clones. He focused on international growth I. E china. Spindlier business model also focused on the fact that the new operating model would save the company. Like Sculls, Spindled had to slash costs but Apple still had problems. In first quarter of 1996, apple reported $69 million in losses and more layoffs and Spindled was replaced. Amelia years, 1996 – 19971 ND a high pricing / differentiation strategy and slash payroll. Amelia wanted to turn apple back to its premium price differentiation strategy. He cancelled the next generation Mac SO, which had already cost $mom in RD. Instead apple would acquire Next along with Steve Jobs. Amelia brought NeXT and brought Jobs as an advisor. Apple still suffered financially and Amelia was forced out. Steve Jobs became the temporary CEO. 997- Steve Jobs era: Steve Jobs re-joined the company in 1996 after Apple acquired NeXT. He made several drastic changes; investment into Apple, a commitment to develop core reduces, ended the Mac licensing program while buying the assets of the leading clone maker, consolidated the product ranges, and launched the Apple website to sell products directly. Jobs’ business model turned the company around. He agreed that Micr osoft would invest in core products for MAC ii office. Also he rationalized product range from 15 to 3, research projects by 70% and reduced staffing and outsourcing. Comment on what you learn about business model and business model change from this case. When evaluating Apple’s business model, it’s useful to think in terms of the pre-1996 era and the post-1996 era. Apple has always been and continues to be a manufacturer of computers and electronics with a focus on complete hardware and software integration. Prior to 1996, the company focused almost exclusively on personal computers in the Macintosh line, with the occasional foray into innovative products like the Newton. When Steve Jobs re-joined the company in 1996, that mission evolved beyond personal computing into products like the pod, phone, and pad. Apple is positioned well for the future, and it’s not a company that’s willing to settle for current success. Unafraid of centralization, the company continues to churn out Phones that make the pod look like a hobby, as well as the pad Mini that unashamedly steals market share from its big brother. Notoriously secret, the company reveals little about the product pipeline, but it’s believed that Steve Jobs has left a product roadman for more than a decade. How do other theories of strategy such as capability theory fit with this story? Apple was unable to maintain any strategy over this period since every CEO inconsistently changed the business model and strategy of Apple. Apple’s most important resources and capabilities are Steve Jobs, and the integrated system of hardware and software hat the firm has developed and successfully marketed to derive value. Steve brought Apple back to tremendous success following a decline in relevance and heads the continued creation of billions of dollars of value. While Apple’s designers, programmers, and engineers each represent key resources, the ability of the firm to exploit their abilities to create their entire software/hardware ecosystem is the firm’s Apple Stores – Retail Locations The introduction of Apple stores has provided the company with an important physical presence to act as both a sales location and an advertisement. Apple tops any retailers in in-store sales, generating $4,032 per retail square foot per year, beating other retailers like Tiffany Co. At $2,666 and Best Buy at only $930. Relationship with Moms Apple has outsourced all of its manufacturing processes to MEMO partners in China, like Foxing and Hon.. Ha Precision Industry while focusing on design internally. The relationships between Apple and their MEMO partners are very close to provide Apple with excellent service and high quality products. Industrial Design Capability Apple’s incredible industrial design capability is a function of their innovative design names, led by Jonathan Eve, senior vice president of industrial design, and the firm’s parameterization of design and outsourced production. Talented Software Development Teams Apple’s software developers are carefully selected and talented programmers. They’ve produced industry award winning software and the highly regarded iterations of Macintosh SOX operating system. Tailored Hardware/Software Systems One of Apple’s most important capabilities is their ability to develop and build highly integrative systems with software designed specifically for the hardware it runs on. How to cite Apple Case Study, Free Case study samples Apple Case Study Free Essays A. The PC industry is much older than the MP3 player industry. As it is an older market, its structure is also more consolidated with only a few builders accounting for the majority of the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Apple Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, the first MP3 players only surfaced less than ten years ago. While Apple’s Ipod may dominate the market, there are much more MP3 player manufacturers compared to PC manufacturers. Another difference between the two industries is that PCs tend to be commodity products as opposed to MP3 players which are seen as lifestyle or luxury products. This means that PCs for the most part are considered disposable items, especially to bulk buyers like firms or educational institutions. As such, value for money is a premium for PC manufacturers and the trend for the industry is to have better products per new generation at a lower price. Compare this to MP3 players which are for the most part used for personal entertainment. The popularity of the Ipod has cemented the MP3 player as a fashion accessory in addition to a consumer electronics product. Consumers also tend to be more concerned with the form of their MP3 players as opposed to the form of their PCs. Both industries are also experiencing the trend of convergence with PCs having more and more features oriented towards entertainment and MP3 players having more features geared for productivity. Additionally, the cellphone is also encroaching on both products. Smartphones are slowly gaining more PDA and laptop like features. These same devices are also starting to gain more and more entertainment features with newer models coming equipped with the ability to snap pictures and play music. B. Apple products have always been known for its innovation, ease of use and high price. One could say that while PCs in general are a commodity product, Apple computers are marketed like luxury items. Apple computers look better than the competition, are easier to use than the competition, and cost more than the competition. As opposed to its PC competitors who used different strategies to be able to offer the lowest prices possible, Apple’s offerings have always been about function and form first, cost second. Apple’s initial foray into the MP3 market touted ease of use as its main strategy. The Ipod featured a thumbwheel that simplified the access of thousands of songs stored in the player. The Ipod’s ease of use was essential to its adoption by newcomers who were unfamiliar to MP3. Secondly, ITunes was very innovative in the way that it simplified the process of legally obtaining music over the internet. Apple made possible a new distribution method for music through ITunes wherein the customer can access exactly the tracks he wants, anywhere in the world and the music is delivered directly to him. Lastly, the success of the Ipod has allowed Apple to leverage its brand strength as a key strategy for the Ipod. Apple successfully marketed the Ipod as a lifestyle accessory and a successful marketing campaign has made an Ipod (not an MP3 player, an Ipod) a must have. C. One key strength for Apple has been its brand. Successful products in the past have infused the Apple Brand with the values of ease of use, innovation and style. This is best seen through the cult of Apple fanaticism with Apple devotees preaching the values of Apple products to their peers. Like whole foods, the Apple brand has formed its own following that serves to promote the values of Apple products. While marketing strength may be a great strength of Apple, their culture of innovation allows them to maintain a lead over their competitors in terms of ease of use and new features. The key to Apple’s innovation is their focus on satisfying the needs and uses of the customer as opposed to simply cramming their products full of gadgetry. This is best seen during the years before Apple switched to Intel processors. While relegated to using the antiquated PowerPC processor from Motorola, Apple was able to maintain interest in their computers by innovating on the software side, coming out with the much acclaimed OS X operating system and its succeeding incarnations. Apple PCs have also been known to be better in design related applications. Macintosh computers are seen by many to be better suited for creative applications such as image processing, music creation and video editing. Apple itself has invested heavily in these areas with their free, pre-installed versions of these types of programs being far better than the offerings of their competitors. Lastly, Apple’s policy of being tight with its technology has allowed it to keep a high level of control over products associated with Apple products. Unlike other PC manufacturers whose technology is available to all OEMs, Apple technology is shut out to third party manufacturers. For the most part, Apple controls who makes Apple peripherals. While this limits the expansion of Apple and keeps the cost of its peripherals high, it has allowed Apple to maintain a high level of quality for its peripherals and its own products as their computers are less likely to crash due to shoddy third party products. How to cite Apple Case Study, Free Case study samples

King Lear And Death Of A Salesman Essay Example For Students

King Lear And Death Of A Salesman Essay In Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman, the protagonist Willy Lomans inability to live in and cope with the present ultimately destroys him. The are several constant themes and ideas throughout the play which show this. Willys inability to be successful according to his own standards is most problematical for him. The troublesome relationship between Willy and his family also leads to a great deal of stress. And the constants flashbacks and disillusions Willy goes through to deal with these problems bring him further from reality and destroy him. The fact that Willy cannot be successful is perhaps his biggest problem. In escaping this reality he ultimately destroys himself. Willy says, I did 500 gross in Providence and 700 gross in Boston. No! Wait a minutethat makes your commission $212!, replies Linda Well I didnt figure it yet butwell I did about a hundred and eighty gross in Providence, answers Willy (11). To cover up for his lack of success at work, Willy lies about how he does. He tries to make himself seem successful when in reality he needs to find a solution to his problems. He tries to bargain with his boss to get a steady paying job because he cannot live on the commission he is making. If I could take home well $65 a week, I could swing itAll I need is $50 a weekIf I had $40 a week thats all I need, Willy begs his boss (24). His lack of success causes him to keep bargaining and will lead him to settle at just about anything. However the attempt to get a regular paying job turns out nothing short of failure. Failures such as this lead to Willys being fired. I dont want you to represent us, Ive been meaning to tell you for a long time now, says Howard (26). This obviously destroys his work life. These mounting problems of being unsuccessful at work build up leading to him ultimately being fired. There are several ways in which Willy avoids his problems. First, rather then deal with such situations Willy is stubborn and assumes things will take care o f themselves. He uses this attitude when his long time friend Charley offers him a job. Charley says, I offered you a job. You can make $50 a week, and I wont send you on the road. Ive got a job,(30). Willys stubbornness wont let him deal with reality, causing him to turn down an offer to fix a major problem. He denies his problems rather then taking the needed help when it is offered. He also often times escapes into his dreams for the future as opposed to dealing with the situation at hand. Oh I will knock them dead in Hartford. Im very well liked in Hartford, (12). He also uses his success from years ago in his glory days as way out of reality instead of repeating the success again. -In 1928 I had a big yearIn 1928 I averaged $170 a week. And your father came to me and put his hand on my shoulder-, Willy tells Howard Wagner (25). This comment about Howards father implies a past promise made to Willy. He tries to use this past promise from a dead man to get rid of his problems. No t only do Willys dreams offer an escape from reality; they are a cause of more problems. No its me. Suddenly I realize Im going 60 miles an hour and I dont remember the last 5 minutes. Im I cant seem to keep my mind on it, (2). While he is on the road Willy is again not in touch with reality which even he notices. No, the windshields dont open on the new cars, says Willy. Linda replies, But you opened it today. Me? Now isnt that peculiarI coulda sworn I was driving that Chevy today, (6). Willy cant focus while he is traveling for work which obviously impairs his ability to succeed being that his job is based on his traveling . This problem again leads to his ultimate and total failure with his job. The other major cause of Willys destructional problems comes from his family. First the deviation of his son Biff from his (Willys) expectations hurts Willy. To make up for these problems, as in Willys own case, Willy hallucinates of past glory. Like a young god. Hercules something like that and the sun, the sun all around him. Remember how he waved to me? Right up from the field with the representatives of three colleges standing by, (23). To escape dealing with Biffs current failures Willy remembers how it was in the past, when everyone was successful and happy. However now trouble is present for Biff. He cant hold a job. To cover up current problems Willy exaggerates the truth. Well, Bill Oliver very big sporting goods man he wants Biff very badly, called him in from the West, Willy tells his nephew Bernard about Biffs interview (29). This is clearly an exaggerated stretch of the truth. When Biff attempts to go on an interview from Willys advise with an old acquaintance, failure is eminent. Didnt even remember who I was or anything. I feel like such an idiot Hap, Biff says (31). Thus Willys expectations for Biff are destroyed by such failure. As he does for himself, Willy makes excuses up for Biff. Ill get him a job selling. He could be big in no time. My God ! Remember how they used to follow him around in high school? (5). Willy couldnt keep his own job much less get one for Biff. And again Willy draws from the past in a wasteful aim to solve the present. Biffs failures causes Willy to escape reality again, destroying his goals for his son. Willys family life at home is destroyed during the play because of constant family bickering and fighting. Biff was aware of Willys problems and gets easily frustrated at his fathers attempts to escape them. Biff exclaims, I dont care what they think. They have laughed at dad for years and you know why? Because we dont belong in this nut house of a city. We should be mixing cement or, or carpenters-. Even your grandfather was better then a carpenter. You never grew up!. (22). Again Willy makes excuses and this time argues to avoid dealing with the reality of his problematical situation. Perhaps the most significant cause for the trouble between Biff and Willy at the end was about Biffs interview wit h Bill Oliver. Theres no necessity to mention the pen at all you know. Dad, Ive got no appointment, (36). In this case Biff is trying to make his father realize that the whole idea of Biff getting a job from Mr. Oliver was a far cry from the truth. But despite that Willy, looks into the past seeing it as he wishes it was; hoping he could bring it into the present. Perhaps the final blow to the father- son relationship was when Biff brought the rubber hose to Willys attention. What is that? questioned Willy. You know goddamn well what that is, answered Biff. I have never seen that before! (37). Biff realizes after Linda showed him the hose, that Willy is ready to break. And of course when he approaches his father, he (Willy) flat out denies it. These constant arguments destroy Willys relationship with his son. With his life at work crushed, the destruction is being completed with the ruining of his family relationship at home. But we were supposed to have dinner together, (34). This sums up best the mangled relationship after Willys boys leave him at dinner. Linda also provides for some of Willys destruction. She does not hurt Willy by killing and realizing the failure of his dream like Biff, but rather by supporting it. Despite his failure and cover ups Linda always backs Willy up and supports him. It may be the nice thing to do, but in reality it hurts him. It hurts him because it keeps him away from the truth and shows him that it is okay to stay away from the truth. But you didnt rest your mind dear. Your mind is overactive and your mind is what counts, (3). Linda offers Willy an excuse for his failure to concentrate while driving. She isnt criticizing him but rather making excuses for him. Theres nothing to make up dear. Youre doing fine, better the them, (4). Linda again excuses Willys poor performance at work, not facing him with the reality of the problem. She lets him get away with failure but tries to help him by comforting him. However this comfortin g shows him it is okay to make these mistakes. Unfortunately these mistakes snowball and when they are realized it is too late. These problems destroy Willy, yet if he could handle them he may not have been destroyed. He instead lived in disillusion. He remembered the past; sometimes editing it to make it seem better then it was. He often spoke of how he should have and could have done this or that. He often believed in the same dreams that he had in the past but failed to see through. He did these things so much he forget if he was living in the past or present. These escapes from reality made him unable to deal with the matter at hand which destroyed him. Tell you a secret boysSomeday I will have my own business, and Ill never have to leave home, (9). This was one of Willys goals in the past, yet it was never fulfilled. Rather then accomplishing it he kept going into the past and remembering the dream. Dont get your sweater dirty Biff, (8). This is Willy talking to Biff as a child . Here he lives in the days when things were going good to escape from the problems of the current time. Often Willy would recall his brother Ben. Ben found success at a young age, yet also died at a young age. He often offered help to Willy years ago. Now when Willy would hallucinate he would often talk to his dead brother. He idolized his brothers success and talked to Ben as if he was still around asking him for help. Ben, Ive got to talk to you. Havent the time William. Ben, nothings working out. I dont know what to do,. (27). Willy didnt know what to do when he realized the truth of his problems, so he sought his dead brother for answers. Ben could not help, so Willy took it into his own hands. When Willy realized the mess of a life he had, he wanted to end it, yet go out with a bang. For Willy this of course involves money. Whats the proposition? asked Ben $70,000 on the barrelhead, guaranteed, (35). This money was what Willy figured his family would get from the insurance com pany when he died. Since Willy couldnt get the money, he would rather die and have his family be successful afterwards. Time Willy, timeThe boat we will be late, calls Ben. Now when you kick off boy, I want a seventy yard boot, and get right down the field under the ballbecause it is important son(To Ben), Ben, Where do I?How do I? (38). This is Willy as he leaves his home for the final time. He has a final hallucination with Ben and Biff. Then he realizes he is alone, but it is too late. The reality is finally realized yet Willy cannot handle it because he has avoided handling it for so long. The pile of unsolved problems is too much and Willy is destroyed. There are many troubling issues Willy faces throughout the play. His lack of success and work and his troubled family relationships hurt him. They destroy him literally. Rather then dealing with these issues he escapes into disillusionment, which proves costly to him. The constant flashbacks to his glory days and his dreams of b eing successful lead to his inability to settle his present problems. By the time that reality kicks in, it is too late for Willy to deal with it and instead he takes his life because his life is too far gone to fix. And even if it is possible, years of living back and forth in and out of reality have made him unable to know how to fix his life. The inability to accept the present has destroyed Willy Loman. .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10 , .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10 .postImageUrl , .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10 , .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10:hover , .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10:visited , .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10:active { border:0!important; } .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10:active , .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10 .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udcbf6f0d5c0b6a4bf6ede15613de4f10:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Trickster Essay

Abraham Lincoln and the the Civil War Essay Example

Abraham Lincoln and the the Civil War Essay Example Abraham Lincoln and the the Civil War Essay Abraham Lincoln and the the Civil War Essay Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth president during the civil war. Most people said he was the best president. During the civil war 3 million people went to war and 600,000 died. He was born February 12, 1809, in Harden County, Kentucky. Both of his parents were born in Virginia. Lincoln made extraordinary efforts to study and become smart while he was working on a farm. He also split rails for fences, and worked in a store. He got very little formal education. He became captain in the Black Hawk War. He spent 8 years in the Illinois legislature. He also worked in the courts for many years. His law partner said of him â€Å"his ambition was a little engine that new no rest. † He then ran for Senator, but he lost the election, but he gained a national reputation that won him the Republican Nomination for president in 1860. He built the Republican National Organization. He’s also the one that issued the Emancipation Proclamation that declared to free the slaves that was on January 1, 1863. The Civil War was not entirely caused by Lincoln’s election, but the election was one of the primary reasons the war broke out the following year. Lincoln’s decision to fight rather than to let the southern states succeed was not based upon his feelings towards slavery. Rather, he felt it was his sacred duty to preserve the Union. His first Inaugural speech ended with a message that said â€Å"it shall be peace or the sword. † The southern navy turned away and surrendered after a 34 hour battle. The southern Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, encouraging the border states to outlaw slavery, and helping push through Congress the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which finally freed all the black slaves nationwide in December 1865. Lincoln was reelected in 1864. He figured he would not win, but he did. After he was reelected, a person named John Wilkes Booth assassinated Abraham Lincoln. John Wilkes Booth didn’t want blacks to be free. The assassination was a part of a larger plot to eliminate the Northern Government. Lincoln died the following day, after he was shot, and with him the hope of restructuring the nation without bitterness. Lincoln served our country from Mach 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. The deaths of their sons had profound effects on both parents. Later in life, Mary struggled with the stresses of losing her husband and sons, and Robert Lincoln committed her temporarily to a mental health asylum in 1875. WORKS CITED PAGE: civilwar. org/education/history/biographies/abraham-lincoln. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln

114307175500 Essays - Quantitative Analyst, Valuation, Free Essays

114307175500 Essays - Quantitative Analyst, Valuation, Free Essays 114307175500 TANYA 11328 EUCLID AVENUE, APARTMENT 302 , CLEVELAND, OHIO 44106 C: (216) 694-1356 | [emailprotected] Dear Hiring Manager, I wish to express my interest for the position of Early Learning Intern at The Centers for Families and Children, which I saw posted on Indeed.com. With its outstanding reputation, The Centers for Families and Children has long been on my "dream list" for places to work. I feel that my combination of skills and experience in Financial Management and my passion towards finance makes me a qualified candidate for this position. My professional goal is to apply my commitment to service, excellence and creativity towards creating a difference in the financial world. One of my favorite quotes from Rumi (and words to live by) is "let the beauty we love be what we do." When there is passion behind the work we do, it fuels us to work for the change we believe is possible. After learning about the challenges and opportunities at Peninsula Family Service, I believe the work role there directly aligns with my strengths and experiences. My background and training in Finance has provided me with the abilities necessary to succeed in this fast-paced and intense field. I am adept at performing analyses and utilizing the resulting data to determine appropriate actions, identify and resolve issues, and develop strategies and procedures. In my previous job positions, I conducted quantitative analysis of financial data to forecast revenue, identify future trends and identify risk associated with capital expenditure, acquisitions, and joint-venture projects.I as well performed ad-hoc analysis and reporting. My professional goal is to apply my commitment to serv ice, excellence and creativity towards creating a difference in the financial world. While I was regularly challenged at my work, I returned to school to further develop my leadership skills. In my second semester at Case Western Reserve University, I was selected as the Vice President of Finance, Graduate Student Council to give monetary advice to the Council, oversee and maintain an accurate and detailed financial record. Additionally, I along with a classmate, developed a business strategy and presented an action proposal for a financial advising and asset management. A panel from CWRU'S LaunchNet selected us the winners of the business Case Competition, and we are in the process of drafting our initial business strategy plan. I hope you will take the time to review my resume as I believe it will provide you with additionalinformation on how could I contribute to Peninsula Family Service 's vision of delivering a " __ ". Thank you in advance for your time. Sincerely,Tanya I wish to express my interest for the position of Data Collection Intern at Main Street Launch , wh ich I saw posted on indeed.com . Wit h its outstanding reputation, The Centers for Families and Children has long been on my "dream list" for places to work. I feel that my combination of skills and experience in Financial Management and my passion for making a positive impact in the society make me a qualified candidate for this position. One of my favorite quotes from Rumi (and words to live by) is "let the beauty we love be what we do." When there is passion behind the work we do, it fuels us to work for the change we believe is pos sible. After learning about the challenges and opportunities at The Centers for Families and Children, I believe the work role there directly aligns with my strengths and experiences. My background and training in Finance has provided me with the abilities necessary to succeed in this fast-paced and intense field. I am adept at performing analyses and utilizing the resulting data to determine appropriate actions, identify and resolve issues, and develop strategies and procedures. In my previous job positions, I conducted quantitative analysis of financial data to forecast revenue, identify future trends and identify risk associated with capital expenditure, acquisitions, and joint-venture projects.I as well performed ad-hoc analysis and reporting. Beyond my knowledge and experience in financial management, I have also volun teered for non-profits in India. My aspiration and passion to strengthen the society and bring a positive change has brought me all the way from India to join the MBA program at Case

Evaluation and presentation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Evaluation and presentation - Assignment Example So the companies prefer to use this method because of its flexibility in its frame and works according to the company’s demand. It is the duty of the system to keep inform the user about every action which is being taken against the user’s request, by giving proper response in the form of feedback in an accepted time period. This information keeps the user interactive with the system at each step which is being taken. The language used by the system should be understandable to the user. Instead of using the system’s language terminologies it should use those words, concepts and phrases which users are familiar with. The set of information should be designed in such manner that would show in natural and logical sequence. So the user would easily understand the frames and interpret the information or situation quickly. Most of the time users make mistakes while using the applications in speed so they want to leave the unwanted page without viewing the complete information. The option of emergency exit should be given to save the precious time of the user. This application will let the user to come out easily from an unwanted situation occurred by mistake. Different type of words, concepts and actions should not be given which creates doubt for the user in relating the situations in sequence. It should chase the usual platforms and make a consistent usage in applications without creating any hurdle. The system should be designed with a consideration of identifying the error occurring messages at the initial stage. Also it should eliminate those conditions which cause errors or check for the user. The option of confirmation should be given to users before they get committed with any action. This option will contain the user on the right path without committing with errors and also without wasting the time. It is necessary to display the visibility of those actions, objects and options which minimize

Income Insurance Protection (IPI) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Income Insurance Protection (IPI) - Essay Example For example, Mr. Farid in his application failed to be honest by giving false information. Given information provided by the party seeking insurance cover provides the basis upon which sum assured and premiums are based, information asymmetry will most likely result in an adverse selection. In Mr. Farid’s case, the information he gave during application showed that he is not involved in manual or outdoor duties implying that his risk profile was low. The information contradicts the one given in the claims form which actually showed that he was doing manual duties that exposed him to higher risks than that of a company director he purported to be. Based on the information provided during application, that is, Mr. Farid was involved in inspecting construction sites and training workers on health and safety awareness, it is therefore easier to understand why the insurance company ignored his heart disorder problem and granted him the cover. Had the insurance known that Mr. Farid did manual jobs with the heart valve disorder, it would have taken him as high risk client, and therefore choose a higher sum assured (Claassen, 2008). Question 2. Whether one would approve Mr.Farid application for income protection insurance Based on the information provided by Mr. ... Question 3. Should Prudent Insurance Inc. pay or deny it? The insurance company should use its underwriter or appointed claims adjuster to investigate and verify the claims with the help of a medical practitioner to establish whether the poor health condition was work related or not. Based on the information generated, then the company can choose to compensate him in full, adjust the compensation accordingly or deny it all together. Where the poor health condition is not related the work done by Mr. Farid, the company should compensate him in full and if its work related they can adjust the compensation or deny with factual explanation. Part II: Household items insurance. Mr Green v Sun Insurance Inc. Question 1. How would the information about Mr. Green’s earlier convictions affect the insurer’s underwriting decision on Mr. Green’s application? The earlier convictions of three offences on Mr. Green would certainly have affected his application. First, he was con victed of a domestic violence which raises the possibility of a loss occurrence on household goods arising from his conduct. Secondly, his conviction for causing actual bodily harm to the police officers confirms he is a violent person increasing the propensity of a definite loss given his temperament. These two cases in point following each other would have force a company underwriter to consider Mr. Green’s application critically. Where household items to be insured are very valuable, then the underwriter can choose to abandon the application given that the probability that the company will pay a higher compensation within the cover is high. In the event that the underwriter chooses to accept Mr.

Asian Currency Crisis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Asian Currency Crisis - Research Paper Example Credit was made available from abroad cheaply and in large quantities because of the implicit government guarantees (Hale, 2011, pg. 2) The Asian Financial Crisis was also a set back from its artificial growth from the 1980’s until July of 1997 where its growth was fueled primarily by â€Å"hot money† that expects high profit on a short term. This â€Å"hot money† kept pouring in South East Asia (around half of all the investments that went in the developing countries) as a result of high interest rate which made investing in that part of the world attractive. As a result, asset prices rose with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) registering from 8-12 %. While this was initially laudable, this was not sustained as real total factor productivity growth, or productivity output, especially in Thailand is not commensurate to its financial growth. Such, this continuous capital inflow into Thailand formed into a bubble fueled by â€Å"hot money† and not by total pro ductivity output. And as the bubble furtherly developed, it required more and more â€Å"hot money† needed to sustain it until it burst resulting to the Asian Financial Crisis of July, 1997.

The Role of a Midwife in Domestic Violence Cases

The Role of a Midwife in Domestic Violence Cases Domestic violence and public health The role of the midwife. Why is domestic violence a public health issue for midwives?The latest triennial maternal mortality report (CEMACH, 2004) reveals that for the years 2000-2002 eleven new mothers were murdered, within six weeks of giving birth, by their partners. The report highlights that domestic violence is a risk factor for maternal death from all causes. In this report 14 percent of all the women who died had declared that they were subjected to domestic violence. This translates to 51 women in England, Wales and Northern Ireland over the three year period. If progress is to be made in reducing maternal mortality careful note needs to be taken of all the risk factors.   Risk assessment is currently a means by which the type of care received by the woman in pregnancy and labour is determined. This midwifery role is already well established for antenatal and intrapartum care. Epidemiology Domestic violence has a high prevalence. Crime figures for a single day, 28th September 2000, were obtained and publicised form British police forces. On that day there were 1 300 calls to the police reporting domestic violence. Extrapolating from this there is an incidence of domestic violence every six to 20 seconds. Most of the victims are women. According to Home office figures two women die in Britain each week from violence by either their current or their previous partner (Mirrlees-Black, 1999). A study in London found in a sample of women on antenatal and postnatal wards a 23% lifetime experience of domestic violence. Three percent of these women were encountering domestic violence in the present pregnancy (Bacchus, 2004). The impact of domestic violence What constitutes domestic violence varies tremendously. It does not have to be physical violence. This is problematic. Collection of statistics is hampered by the blurring of the boundaries between the abuse severity. Whilst it can be agued that no level of abuse is acceptable some distinction needs to be drawn. Pregnancy may act as a trigger for domestic violence; it may start at this time or change in nature sometimes becoming mental rather than physical but sometimes being more focussed on blows to the abdomen. The puerperium is a time of particular vulnerability (CEMACH, 2004). The high prevalence of domestic violence impacts economically on society. The costs of dealing with 100,000 women seeking medical help annually due to domestic violence and the fact that of applications for shelter on account of homelessness 17 per cent are caused by domestic violence may be costing London alone approximately  £250 million each year. Support systems are overstretched; there are 7 000 women and children looking for places of safety every day (Seymour, 2001). Physical violence to a pregnant woman increases the risk of miscarriage, premature labour, low birth weight and intrauterine fetal death. Domestic violence may increase the likelihood of a pregnant woman smoking, drinking alcohol or taking drugs with deleterious effects on the pregnancy and fetus. Domestic violence is associated with depression and suicide attempts. Trauma to the abdomen incurs risk of life threatening placental abruption, rupture of the uterus or other internal organs in addition to the fetal risks. Women incurring domestic violence are less likely to be able to access antenatal care, many book late and a significant proportion not at all. They have problems accessing care and often default on visits, change addresses and have no reliable means of being contacted. Often the partner will exercise stifling control over them and accompany them during visits to the midwife, answer questions for them and remain present during examinations (Mezey, 2002). Initiatives to address the problem The Department of Health’s National Service Framework (2004) for Children, Young people and Maternity Services states the importance of identifying victims of domestic violence and includes pointers for recognition and action during pregnancy and recommends that staff should be aware of the importance of these aspects. Some emphasis is put on the supportiveness of the environment and the sensitivity of the enquiry about the abuse. The Government has looked closely at the issue of domestic violence (The Government’s Proposals on Domestic Violence, 2003). Parliament has legislated via the Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004. This has extended police powers of arrest for common assault under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. This has had some effect with a dawn raids to intercept offenders (Bird, 2004). Dimond (2005) argues that to really tackle the issue of domestic violence people in general must become involved and this includes health care providers. It is already the case that following an assault which leads to miscarriage the offender can be charged under s.58 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 (Bristol Evening Post, 2004). Where the assault leads to premature delivery from which the child dies the charge is one of manslaughter. The Home Office is taking the lead on behalf of the Government on this issue. Specialist domestic violence courts are planned. In Leeds it is pil oting a Domestic Violence Cluster Court. The aim is to make the process of dealing with the perpetrators faster and to make custodial sentences longer. In 2000, the Department of Health advocated routine questioning of pregnant women about domestic violence. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, the Royal College of Midwives and NICE all requested that this should happen. In a position paper in 1999 the Royal College of Midwives recommended that abuse be recognised and documented and also that such women should be given information to choose for themselves what to do.   It is recognised that it is important for a woman to be able to find the help that she needs when she is ready (Smith, 2005). Whilst the woman can be assured of confidentiality it is important that the extent and limitations of this are made clear. For instance if she already has children and there is a risk that they may suffer domestic violence then confidentiality will have to be broken. If there is a real danger to the fetus once it is born then again the confidentiality between the woman and the midwife will have to be broken. Up until the moment of birth the fetus does not have any right of its own in law. In Wales and in Bristol there have been significant projects to screening pregnant women for domestic violence and following through the positive answers. There have also been initiatives in Leeds and also in London. A study done in Bristol (Salmon 2004) and funded by the Department of Health showed that where midwives were trained to ask about domestic violence more women disclosed it. Midwives wanted further training and without this only 10% of midwives would ask about domestic violence by choice. Midwifery training in asking the question increased midwives’ confidence in this area(Baird, 2005). The Bristol research was important to determine the impact of the routine questioning about domestic violence on midwifery education. The multi-agency involvement of the work and education was apparent. A vitally important aspect of the work on disclosure was talking to the woman alone, specifically without the presence of her partner (Merchant, 2001). The question is unlikely to be of benefit if the woman is not asked alone or if there is no effective follow up (Ward and Spence, 2001). Sometimes the only time the abusive partner will allow the woman to be alone is when she goes to the toilet. Therefore posters must be available in this location detailing contact numbers of women’s refuges, social services, victim support etc. Information can also be pre-printed on maternity records so that if a partner sees it it is obviously not aimed specifically at that woman and she is then not likely to suffer further abuse on account of him seeing the information. Another aspect, which might be considered, is to have in the women’s toilet a poster indicating that if the woman is being abused she may mark her routine urine container in some way that alerts the midwife but no one else that she is in danger from domestic violence. Women from ethnic minorities where English is not spoken by the woman pose particular difficulties. It is important to use an inte rpreter who is not a family member. The Bristol study was a pilot to inform about education needs of midwives when asking about domestic violence. It was not designed as a study to gather evidence about whether it is effective to promote disclosure and whether subsequent information and support giving is beneficial in reducing the problem. London based initiatives Mezey studied 892 pregnant women at St George’s Hospital, south London. Midwives were trained to ask the question about domestic violence. Women were more likely to admit to domestic violence when directly questioned about it. Women’s fears of loss of confidentiality or that their children might be removed from them hampered disclosure. Some midwives found asking the question was distressing and some feared reprisal from the woman’s partner. It was clear from the study that midwives cannot tackle this problem alone. Considerable back up from other agencies is vital and all agencies must work together. The strengths of the work and initiatives so far include the understanding and acceptance that whilst midwives play a pivotal role in this opportunity to screen women for domestic violence they cannot tackle the problem alone. It is accepted that training of midwives can enhance the percentage of women abused who disclosure this. Other strategies around enhancing disclosure also have a positive effect. To be critical the major weakness of the initiatives is that they are not of proven benefit. Statistics are always going to be difficult to collect in this area. Concentrating on this problem may be detracting from other important midwifery aspects and studies have not addressed this aspect. Training given to midwives has not been universal and the wider aspects of continuing professional development and training of other members of the multi disciplinary team have not been set up. Just admitting to domestic violence does not mean that the woman’s life is going to improve. To bring the problem out into the open may upset the woman’s family and result in isolating her from them both physically and emotionally and in some situations may do more harm than good. A targeted approach needs to be fostered and work needs to be done to evaluate how we can spot the domestic violence cases where intervention would really make a difference. It is doubted whether this is a midwifery role since skills within the field of criminology would seem appropriate. What improvements could be made? A recommendation of the 2000-2002 maternal mortality report (CEMACH, 2004) is that midwives require adequate training both pre registration and as continuing professional development to ensure that they can effectively assess women who suffer domestic violence. A further recommendation is that all pregnant women should be asked if they suffer domestic violence presently or previously (but that the question be deferred until midwives have received the relevant training and multidisciplinary support services are in place). Asking about domestic abuse is generally done poorly in social history taking (Foy, 2000). The most difficult part seems to be the midwife asking the question about domestic violence (Scobie and McGuire, 1999; Price and Baird, 2003; Mezey et al, 2003). The default position would seem to be that they midwife is reluctant to ask and the patient feels unable to talk about it (Ashton, 2004).   The educational aspect is important. Both theory and practical skills are involved. The work around domestic violence is multidisciplinary and multi-agency and clearly this needs to be reflected in the midwife education and continuing professional development courses (Baird, 2005). There needs to direction from the nursing and Midwifery Council and the Royal College of Midwives about what the training will consist of and what comprises the required level of competency. Education should be of proven benefit to practice. The reluctance to answer the question is not supported by women being offended; generally they accept it (Price, 2004). Approximately 90% of women asked are in favour of being asked (Leeds Inter-Agency Project, 2005). On average a woman will suffer domestic violence 35 times before she contacts the police. This is of concern and highlights the degree to which women are trapped in the violent situation. Factors within themselves, for instance fears of reprisals from the partner, compounded with a lack of confidence in the police, social services and the legal system contribute to this problem. Pressure cannot be put on the woman to leave the violent situation (Bewley C and Gibb, 2001). Initiatives aimed at these problems are needed. How midwives can be involved in this public health initiative Thirty percent of domestic violence towards women starts whilst they are pregnant (CEMACH, 2004). Asking all pregnant women about domestic violence as a routine question has advantages over asking only a selected group, for instance; it helps with the changing attitude to domestic violence; it helps women feel they are not being picked on and it is lees likely to jeopardise the safety of an abused woman (Tacket, 2004). The key areas of involvement of midwives to best support these women include; Asking all women directly whether they have been domestically abused and facilitating disclosure Documentation and allocating those with positive responses to high dependency care Giving information to affected women thereby enabling them to access specialised help Supporting women when they are making a change away from the violent situation Inter-agency working (Hepburn M McCartney, 1997) Peer review Midwives do agree with the concept of questioning pregnant women about domestic violence and approximately 80% also agree that it should be the midwife who does this (Price, 2004). However in clinical practice only about 60% are happy about asking the woman this question (Price, 2004). The reasons the midwives gave for these problems were practicalities such as a lack of time or lack of staff or difficulty getting privacy with the woman and personal problems with asking the question (Leeds Inter-Agency project, 2005). ConclusionWith the increased awareness and increased stance of non-acceptability of domestic violence it is to be hoped that people in general will have a common awareness about how they can seek help. Pregnancy is still going to be a vulnerable time from the point of view of the physical stage of mother and fetus and the fact that such a high percentage of abuse situations develop during pregnancy. Midwives are therefore still going to be pivotal in this area. Another important aspect from the midwifery point of view is that a woman may be better motivated to make a change to her situation whilst she is pregnant. Perhaps the role of the midwife in aspiring to solve the problem of domestic violence will be moving away from just asking the question and giving information (since women will largely already have this knowledge) towards encouraging the woman to make a change that really is for the better. It should be recognised at this stage in time that greater challenges lie ahead and we should plan for them now.   ReferencesArticles Aston G The silence of domestic violence in pregnancy during womens encounters with healthcare professionals. Midwives 2004 vol 7 no 4 April Bacchus L Domestic violence and health. Midwives 2004 vol 7, no 4 April 2004 Baird K, Salmon D and Price SLearning from the Bristol Pregnancy and Domestic Violence Programme British Journal of Midwifery, November 2005, vol 13, no 11 p692-6 Bewley C and Gibb A MIDIRS Midwifery Digest 2001 vol 11 no 2 183-187 Bird S Police hold 150 in domestic violence raids. The Times8 December 2004 Bristol Evening Post 18th December 2004, report on Nycoma Edwards. Dimond B Protecting victims of domestic violence. British Journal of Midwifery February 2005, vol 13, no 2 p105 Foy R et al Antenatal detection of domestic violence. The Lancet 2000 vol 355, p1915 Hepburn M McCartney S Domestic Violence and Reproductive Healthcare in Glasgow. In: Bewley S Friend J Mizey G (eds) Violence Against Women London: RCOG Press, 1997: 233 Leeds Inter-Agency Project (2005) Health and social care project report: promoting good practice in health service responses to women and children experiencing domestic violence Marchant S Davidson L Garcia J et al Addressing Domestic Violence through Maternity Service-Policy and Practice. Midwifery 2001 vol 17 164-170 Mezey G Bacchus L Haworth A et al Midwives’ perceptions and experiences of routine enquiry for domestic violence. Br J Obstet Gynaecol2003 110: 744–52. Price S Routine questioning about domestic violence in maternity settings. Midwives 2004 vol 7, no 4 April   Price S and Baird K Domestic Violence: An audit of professional practice. Pract Midwife2003 vol 6 no 3 15–8 Salmon D Baird K Price S et al An impact evaluation of the Bristol Pregnancy and Domestic violence Programme to promote the introduction of routine antenatal enquiry for domestic violence at North Bristol NHS Trust 2004 www.northbristol.nhs.uk Scobie J McGuire M The silent enemy: domestic violence in pregnancy. British Journal of Midwifery1999 vol 7 no 4 557–62 Seymour J Pregnancy No Protection From UK Epidemic Of Domestic Violence. 1st November, 2001   Panos-UK/1 http://www.panos.org.uk/global/featuredetails.asp?featureid=1039ID=1005 Smith N Training is vital to domestic abuse screening. British Journal of Midwifery Nov 2005 vol 13, no 11 p676 Ward S and Spence A MIDIRS Midwifery Digest 12, 2002; Supplement 1, S15-S17. Papers Mirrlees-Black C Home Office, Domestic Violence: Findings from a New British Crime Survey Self-Completion Questionnaire, London, 1999. Royal College of Midwives (1999) Domestic abuse in pregnancy: Position Paper 19a (London: RCM) Reports CEMACH Why Mothers Die. Confidential enquiry into maternal deaths 2000-2002. RCOG press 2004. London   Department of Health (2000) Domestic violence: a resource manual for health professionals. 2000 London: Department of Health   Ã‚   Department of Health (2004) National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services: Part 111 Maternity Standard (London: Gateway ref. 3779) Taket A Tackling Domestic Violence: the role of health professionals. 2004 Home office Development and Practice Report 32 The Government’s Proposals on Domestic Violence. Home Office Safety and Justice: June 2003 Home Office;http://www.domesticviolence.gov.uk Websiteswww.doh.org.ukwww.rcm.org.ukwww.rcog.org.uk

Bullying and Mass School Shootings Essay -- Mass Shootings in America

Cho poked his head in the room a couple of times and looked around before exiting and entering a different room. The first shots were heard across the hall, in the hydrology class. It sounded like a nail gun or hammer hitting concrete blocks. Suddenly one could hear a pin drop. Abruptly the classroom door burst open and Cho walked in and raised a Glock 9mm handgun. (Friedman) â€Å"Once I got teased, I could see where the anger came from and what can make someone want to kill,† said Stefan Barone, a fourteen year old. (ABC News) The anger and depression is overwhelming and hard to control. There is no doubt that bullying cause’s suicide, and those bullied often commit acts of violence against others. The mental state of mind one reaches when it involves killing another human being is inconceivable. Some claim there’s a choice to kill or not to kill, or to commit suicide or to live and face the consequences for the killings. This isn’t true, once this point has been reached one is no longer in control, it is as if someone else has tied puppet strings to your limbs and you are now transformed into a killer. The stage has already been set and there is little hope to cancel the play and walk away from the final act. Only the help of others and a long-term safety net can help at this point. Imagine turning into someone unrecognizable and watching as your life rips apart, a life that you worked so hard for, because all hope is lost. You have hit the bottom of â€Å"the well of life†, and deep inside this â€Å"well of life† you understand it’s all because of students. School shootings and suicides result from continuous bullying. As a result, after time some side effects of... ...-sedwicks-shows-how-cruel.html> September 13, 2013. (Picture) News Staff. â€Å"Cyberbullying Does Not ‘cause’ Teen Suicide†. October 20, 2012. Ochberg, Frank. â€Å"Why Does America Lead the World in School Shootings?† February 28, 2012. 2012 Roleff, Tamara. Teen Suicide. San, Diego, California: Green Haven Press, Inc., 2000. Print. Russel, Paul. Many Post readers were Bullied. Canada National Post. 2012 Schusterbauer, Emily. Teen Suicide. Framington Hills, Mi: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Serazio, Michael. â€Å"Shooting for Fame: The (Anti-) Social Media of a YouTube Killer† May 29th, 2009. (Picture) White, Marianna. Bullying Blamed for Death. CanWest Media Works Publication Inc, 2011.

Homer and his impact on the Greek Culture Essay

First seeds of poetry were born among the Greeks even before writing was invented. Poets were bards, chanting gripping narrative epic war poems and emotional ballads. Homer was a Greek poet, to whom are attributed the great epics, the Iliad, the story of the siege of Troy, and the Odyssey, the tale of Ulysses’ wanderings. The place of his birth is doubtful, probably a Greek colony on the coast of Asia Minor, traditionally is described as blind and is believed to have lived in Ionia around 800 BCE. Of the true Homer, nothing is positively known. Arguments have long raged over whether his works are in fact by the same hand, or have their origins in the lays of Homer and his followers (Homeridae). Earmarks of oral poetry in the works, such as formulaic phrases, make it believable that the contribution of Homer was to collect and record the ballads which had been passed on orally from storyteller to storyteller for centuries before his time. There seems little doubt that the works were originally based on current ballads which were much modified and extended. There is, however, another tradition that Homer’s poems were not written down and standardized until Peisistratus, tyrant of Athens, commissioned this work in the first half of the sixth century. Homer’s works appealed greatly to the Greeks of his time and even to the modern readers, due to the thrilling adventures and tragedies featured in them. Homer’s epics enhanced the ideas of heroism and courage, ideas which deeply fascinated the Greeks of the Dark Age Greece and satisfied their hunger for such compositions. Homer’s creations kept alive the traditional songs about the heroes of the Mycenaean age, which were naturally regarded by the Greeks of the time as the good old days. Homer’s contribution to the Greek Culture was enormous. From about 1200 B.C. and for seven hundred years until Plato’s his two famous epics were the basis of Greek religion and morals, the chief source of history, and even of  practical information on geography, metallurgy, navigation, and shipbuilding. Homer’s impact was so colossal that he is often referred to as the â€Å"Shaper of the Greek Spirit†. In Homer we find the beginnings of Greek humanism – a concern with man and his achievements . Homer was one of the few things the Greeks could agree on. The term arete emphasizes Homer’s ideals, arete stands for excellence on the battle field, courage and cunning, win fame and honor against impossible odds. The idea of arete so widely spread by Homer formed the foundation of the Greek view of the world. Homer’s impact on the Greek Culture was so tremendous that in the Hellenistic Age, after the death of Alexander the Great, educated Greeks continued to learn Homer by heart, the way people in the West would know the Bible, or as Muslims the Koran.

appeal court essays

appeal court essays Most legal disputes involving state law are initially decided in the trial courts or by an administrative agency. But after such a decision, an individual may turn to the states appeal courts if he or she believes a legal error occurred that harmed the case. In fact, thousands of cases are appealed every year.(1) They include criminal convictions as well as civil cases involving personal injury, contracts, employment, real estate, probate, divorce, child custody and many other issues. Whenever an appellate court reverses a trial court decision, it almost always allows that court to rehear the case using the correct law and procedures. In the vast majority of cases, the decision of a Court of Appeal is final. The state Supreme Court does not review the vast majority of cases it steps in to resolve new or disputed questions of law as well, as to review death penalty cases. Death penalty cases proceed directly to the Supreme Court, bypassing the lower Court of Appeal. The appellate courts of California consist of the Supreme Court and the Courts of Appeal. The judges who serve on these courts are called appellate justices. There are seven justices on the Supreme Court and 93 justices on the Courts of Appeal. The Courts of Appeal are divided into six geographical districts and hear cases arising within the district. Proceedings in appellate courts are very different from those in trial courts. In trial courts a judge or jury hears the testimony of witnesses and reviews physical evidence, exhibits and documents before deciding a case. Appellate courts do not decide an appeal by taking new evidence or reassessing the credibility of the witnesses who testified in the trial court. Instead, they review the written record to determine if the trial court properly interpreted the law and used the correct procedures when considering the case. The opposing parties submit written documents, called briefs, to assert their position....

buy custom Work-Family Life essay

buy custom Work-Family Life essay Work-home balance refers to an individuals perception of the relationship between family and work roles. Work and home balance is often conflicting and competing in nature. Women in the modern society have difficulty in rising to managerial positions and rarely become company managers due to their caregiving and domestic demands. Most men and women have to juggle work with family with the views that the central part of an employees life is work. Women mostly have to sacrifice home roles to be successful at their jobs. Anne-Marie Slaughter comments on the assumption that the workplaces are designed to separate family demands from the work ones. She argues that this approach is necessary for all workers to perform the task of being a parent and a worker. She notes that as employment organizations are becoming more demographically diverse, there also should be a review of the applicable family-work relationship to prevent adverse outcomes, especially for the working mothers. In her article, she argues that work and family is a win-lose relationship, proving that individuals have limited time to apportion between their numerous life roles (Slaughter, 2012). There is a negative perception of balancing home and work relationship. For women, having ultiple roles depletes resources, distracts, and the result is that they are overloaded. The work-family strain customarily leaves them with an option to quit the job. The workplaces still operate the same way, and there are no improvements in accommodating the family demands bestowed on women. Anne-Marie suggests that there should be ways designed to support the family and help manage workloads to avoid the role conflict and make it easier for women to have it all. In many instances, the emotions and mood from one domain influence to a great extent those of the other. If a woman has a good day and has some extra energy and emotions to allocate to the family, she will reap benefits from both domains. An ideal family will mean positive emotions at workplaces. Beside working women who have children, concerns connected with work-home balance affect other employees as well. Most women who prosper and attain top posts find themselves sacrificing a family to be in a position to concentrate on one end. Annie claims, Every male Supreme Court justice has a family. Two of the three female justices are single with no children. (Slaughter, 2012). The study shows how difficult it has become for women to maintain high positions at workplaces and have successful families compared to their male counterparts. Individuals holding well-paid positions at advanced managerial levels in most cases experience greater work conflict and higher imbalance in work-family life due to overwork. Mostly, there are too many tasks competing for an individuals energy and time, which results in strain and overload. On the other hand, individuals at the lower end of the economic scale experience conflict due to lack of resources to get quality childcare and flexibility of work. Therefore, employees at both ends of the economy experience work-family conflict, although their reasons for it are different (Pitt-Catsouphes, Kossek, Sweet, 2006). Given womens greater caregiving responsibilities, work-family conflict seems to affect their satisfaction at a higher degree compared to men. Managers should hence design appropriate workplaces to support this balance. For this to happen, women will have to express their opinions on this issue for everybody to hear them if they want to have it all. According to a viewpoint that becomes more and more popular, women can achieve balance by only having control over their work and being able to properly utilize their time and energy. If a woman wants to achieve positive results in both career and family, she must avoid overload, and there should not be many competing roles. Buy custom Work-Family Life essay

Competitive Advantages Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Competitive Advantages - Research Paper Example Therefore, Riordan will have to produce highly standardized products so that it can compete with other producers of plastic products. It will have to adopt a global or a multi-domestic outlook, where it will either compete globally or compete at different national markets in a manner differentiated from that at other national markets. In the case of Riordan, it will have to adopt a global strategy at the target global markets, and a multi-local strategy at markets that are principally multi-domestic. The market drivers of its strategy will include customer needs uniformity, developing global networks of distribution, and ensuring that its marketing is transferable. The cost drivers to guide Riordan include those of transport, economies of scale, economies of scope, and product development. The government drivers to guide the business strategy include segmenting markets on the basis of the favorability of trade policies, the compatibility of technical standards, universal marketing control, as well as privatization. The global business strategy will be focused around increasing sales levels to existing customers, expanding sales to emerging markets and new customer groups, and the development of value-added services, which can compete globally. The company can maintain its cost-plus pricing strategy while at the same time increase segmentation on the basis of customer regions and locations. Riordan is a plastic manufacturer operating at different countries around the globe. The global market will affect the business strategy of Riordan in a number of ways. These ways include expanding economies of scale and scope, adopting a global and a multi-domestic market outlook, developing global distribution networks, and cultivating strategy drivers like product

Human Resources- Result PartThe relationship between supervisors Essay

Human Resources- Result PartThe relationship between supervisors leadership style and subordinate perceptions of job satisfaction paper - Essay Example is, these hierarchical models will allow us to assess the extent to which regression coefficients vary across the different groups while taking up strength from the full model. A hierarchical regression is used because the independent variables are extremely correlated. When these correlated variables are simultaneously included in the regression model, multi-co linearity comes up. Data presentation was done under different aggregation variables. The variables include age, gender, work experience, position held and the level of education. The data analysis has a constant of 1.065 in column B and a constant standard deviation of 0.411 in model 1, a constant of 0.404 in B column and a constant standard error of 0.353 in model 2. Model 3 has a constant B column of 4.53 and a constant standard error of 0.367. To complete this data, the three sets of data from the models have been evaluated. The evaluation focused on the reliability of information from the variables from the different questionnaires, the representativeness of the population of the dependent variables and the bearing of substantial differences between the models. Communication competence and working hours t-test figure arrived at is zero (0.00). This shows they have a low effect on the employee job satisfaction from the analysis of the data. The first two variables, age and gender, show negative unstandardized coefficients in model 1. The fourth variable, ORG tenure, also has a negative unstandardized coefficient in B column in model 1. Education level has a negative figure in model 2 and 3. The leadership style in model 3 is portrayed as a negative. The negative figures are indicated in the unstandardized and standardized coefficients and the t-test result figure. The negative figure indicates that the variable has an insignificant effect on job satisfaction and stress. From the data collected from different individuals of different ages, education levels, employment nature and different employment

Mind of Great Companies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Mind of Great Companies - Research Paper Example Because Marriott has not joined the line of companies that make revenue increases their focus without respect for corporate ethics, it can be said that the company is on the right path. However, there could be more room for improvement though the adaption of a client based corporate ethics whereby the company will have an avenue for their customers to bring on board critical aspects of ethics that they would want the company to address so that the company structures its programs to include these suggestions. In a recent publication, Marriott was mentioned as a model company that has a lot of focus for the adherence to its corporate principles that ensure and bring about reputation (Waddock, 2009). This is indeed an indication that the company’s citizenship and reputation has been noticed and praised by stakeholders. The need to do more by using the suggested client based ethics approach should however not be

Promote Products Essay Example for Free

Promote Products Essay 1. 1 Choose a product or service that could be promoted. Explain how and why you would promote that product or service. Identify at least three types of personnel you could use to help you plan and organise the promotion. What role would they play? How would their skills and experience help you? At work we are currently promoting our GPS products. We have chosen to promote these via direct marketing and by targeting certain business types. I liaised with our sales consultants, who talk to these people on a daily basis, to advise on what language should be used and what information they felt was most relevant to put across. We needed a graphic designer to create and develop ideas for the letters and DL flyers being sent. I also needed to involve juniors in the business to assist with folding letters and stuffing envelopes as we had determined that this would be a cheaper option for the business than using a mail house. 1. 2 Make a list of resources you would need for the promotion and identify where you could get them. Explain any actions you would need to take in order to have the resources ready for promotion. The database we purchased contained 7,000 leads so we then needed to purchase paper, envelops, ink, return stamps and organise postage. Paper, envelopes and labels for return address were all ordered in advance from Staples. Ink was also pre-ordered to ensure we didn’t run out during the print job. We then liaised with Australia Post to determine the best way to post this number of letters. We chose their â€Å"clean mail† option which meant having to mark each envelope with a pre paid stamp before taking to the post office. This stamp was purchased through Australia Post.

Literature Review of Language Learning Strategies

Literature Review of Language Learning Strategies Chapter 1 Literature Review of Language Learning Strategies 1.1 Introduction Research into language learning strategies began in the 1960s, particularly , development in cognitive psychology influenced much of the research done on language learning strategies (Williams Burden 2000 :149). Since then, there has been a prominent shift within the field of language learning and teaching with greater emphasis being put on learners and learning rather than on teachers and teaching. In parallel to this new shift of interest, how learners process new information and what kinds of strategies they employ to understand, learn or remember the information has been the primary concern of the researchers dealing with the area of foreign language learning. Therefore, a lot of researchers have been devoting themselves to the area, among whom best represented by Rubin (1975), Cohen (1981), Wenden (1982), Oxford(1989), OMalley Chamot (1990), etc. In China, the research into language learning strategies began in the middle 1980s, such as Huang Xiaohua(1985), Gui Shichun (1988), Liu Runqing (1990), followed by Wen Qiufang(1996) and Cheng Xiaotang(2000). 1.2 Significance of the Studies of English Learning Strategies Learning is a lifelong task for each person. With the development of the times and the promotion of the English education reform, we, teachers of English have been clearly aware that our duty is not only to teach students language knowledge, whats more, we should teach them to learn to learn. As far as the reality is concerned, the studies of English learning strategies are significant in these regards as follows: The studies of English learning strategies meet the needs of the current implementation of quality-oriented education in our country. At present, quality-oriented education is being carried out in both primary schools and middle schools, whereas quality-oriented education is the one focusing on students overall development. As we see, the humankind has entered the information and knowledge-based economy era in which science and technology are advancing by bounds and leaps with each passing day. Therefore, students should be equipped with lifelong capabilities of learning if they want to succeed in fierce competitions in future. As teachers of English, we should help students to master the correct methods of learning English, develop students learning potentials, foster their sound learning habits and bring up the abilities of teaching themselves English so that they can have concrete foundations of English learning after they leave school. In addition, the fosterage of learning strategies is beneficial to developing students fine personalities as well as their spirits of innovation. No wonder that the newly-issued national English Curriculum Standard (2003:29) points out Helping students develop sound learning habits and form the effective learning strategies is an important task of English curriculum. Just as the Chinese saying goes, Give a man a fish and he eats a day; teach him how to fish and he eats for a lifetime. 2. The studies of English learning strategies are conducive to shifting our teachers traditional beliefs so as to elevate our own quality and thus improving the quality of our teaching and education in large scales. In the current world, the rapid development of social economy, culture, science and technology have been all the more seeing the traditional beliefs and modes fail to adapt to the modem educational requirements . Through the studies , we can better update the teachers educational beliefs and constantly learn new teaching methods and new knowledge to meet the needs of educational reforms. Furthermore, we hold that quality is the absolute principle in the educational career. Regrettably, a lot of problems leading to poor educational quality come down to the inefficient learning methods rather than teaching methods. Hence, if we want to improve the quality of our education and teaching in large scales, we shall regard the studies of learning strategies as the breakthrough point . According to foreign language pedagogy theory, teaching and learning belong to an inseparable organic entity which are interdependent and complementary to each other. All these require we should strengthen the studies of the English learning strategies in middle schools. 3. The studies of English learning strategies help the learners(students) become more successful in their learning. The SLA theory and practice have all the more been proving that the cognition of learning methods plays an increasingly important role in ones learning and the prerequisite to learning English well is to learn how to learn effectively. More and more research results have also shown that the effective learning strategies are quite relevant to ones academic achievements . Biggs(1990) points out that when students are eager to learn and know how to learn, they will be able to achieve ideal achievements. So the studies of English learning strategies are important means to improving students learning efficiency in an all-round way. 1.3 Language Learning Strategies Since the emergence of learning strategies, many researchers have been concentrating their attention on language learning strategies, however, defining and classifying language learning strategies has been a major concern for researchers devoted to this area. As language learning strategy studies develop and researchers identify more and more strategies, the classification schemes become more elaborate and complicated, which in themselves are not a problem because they help us to have a better understanding of the nature of language learning strategies. 1.3.1 Definition of Language Learning Strategies The term language learning strategies has been defined by many researchers. Learning strategies are defined by Rubin(1975:43) as the techniques or devices that the language learner may use to gain knowledge. Weinstein and Mayer (1986:315) state that Learning strategies have learning facilitation as a goal and are intention on the part of the learner, the goal of strategy use is to affect the learners motivation or affective state, or the way in which the learner selects, acquires, organizes, or integrates new knowledge. Wenden (1987: 19) defines learning strategies as any sets of operations, steps, plans , routines used by the learner to facilitate the obtaining, storage, retrieval, and use of information. According to Stem (1992:261) , the concept of learning strategies is dependent on the assumption that learners consciously engage in activities to achieve certain goals and learning strategies can be regarded as broadly conceived intentional directions and learning strategies . Williams and Burden (2000:216) define learning strategies as series of skills used with a particular learning purpose in mind. They involve an ability to monitor the learning situation and respond accordingly and they also mean being able to assess the situation, to plan, to select appropriate skills, to sequence them, to coordinate them, to monitor or assess their effectiveness and to revise the plan when necessary. Based on Chinese students learning and development , the newly-issued National English Curriculum Standard (2003:23) regard learning strategies as all kinds of actions and measures students take in order to learn efficiently and develop themselves. To sum up, we may understand English learning strategies as follows: Firstly, learning strategies are the complex plans concerning learning process learners make. In a strict sense, all the plans of the learning activities should be different, thats to say, the learning strategies each time used by the learners are quite different. However, relatively speaking, for the same sort of learning, learners may have similar plans, which we may call learning strategies in common use, just like the reading method SQ3R(Survey, Question, Read, Recite and Revise)many learners use. Secondly, learning strategies are initiatively used by the learners so as to achieve a certain learning goal. Therefore, learners should make appropriate learning plans in the light of their learning tasks accordingly. Generally speaking, learners are conscious when they use certain learning strategies. When the plans are being carried out over and over, learners level of using them will reach a certain sort of automation. Thirdly, to use learning strategies is to learn efficiently. On the contrary, if the learners dont use certain strategies in their learning, they may find it difficult to attain their learning aim. In other words, they wont get satisfying effect even if they finally attain a certain aim. Take memorizing English words as an example, given enough time, one can also remember words through mechanical repetition. However, if one uses other methods , the memorizing efficiency may be improved greatly. 1.3.2 Classification of Language Learning Strategies Classifying language learning strategies has been a major concern for researchers devoted to this field. So far language learning strategies have been classified by many scholars, such as OMalley(1985), Wenden Rubin(1987) , Oxford (1990), Stern(1992) , Ellis (1994), Wen Qiufang (1996) and so on. Lets see a few representative viewpoints: OMalleys (1985) classification of language learning strategies Metacognitive strategies Cognitive strategies Socioaffective strategies Rubins (1987) classification of language learning strategies / Learning strategies Cognitive learning strategies Metacognitive learning strategies Communicative strategies Social strategies Oxfords(1990) classification of language learning strategies Direct strategies  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Memory Cognitive   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compensation strategies Indirect strategies  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Metacgnitive strategies Affective strategies Social strategies Stems(1992) classification of language learning strategies Management and planning strategies Cognitive strategies Communicative-Experiential strategies Interpersonal strategies Affective strategies Wen Qiufangs (1996) classification of language learning strategies Concept Methods- Management methods Learning methods As different researchers have given different ways of classification from different aspects . In order to make the operation of English learning strategies instruction and training more convenient and effective, on the basis of National English Curriculum Standard (2003) and taxonomies mentioned. above, on the one hand , Ive adopted the following classification according to the role that strategies play in the learning process, that is , affective strategies, cognitive strategies, metacognitive (regulative) strategies, communicative strategies and resourceful strategies; on the other hand, in accordance with the fields of language knowledge and language skills, Ive listed strategies for learning vocabulary, grammar, and strategies for developing listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. The former will be penetrated in my daily English teaching (Strategy-based instruction) and the latter will be trained through special lectures. 1.3.3 Factors Influencing Language Learning Strategies The use of learning strategies is not an isolated phenomenon. The mastery and adoption of students learning strategies are undoubtedly affected by various factors. So the research and investigation into these factors will surely be of great help to teachers who are engaged in learning strategies instruction and training, as the teachers can control or eliminate the disturbance of these elements. Furthermore, the research into the factors influencing learning strategies plays an extremely important role in shortening students learning time and improving their learning efficiency and making the strategies instruction and training more targeted. As we know , learners(students) and teachers are two closely related aspects in teaching, so the factors influencing the mastery and adoption of students learning strategies mainly derive from students and teachers. 1.3.3.1 Motivation and Interest By motivation, I mean the term of describing , arising, maintaining and guiding of the human behaviors. To some extent, motivation is the driving power of human behaviors. Therefore, motivation is very important when students learn English. They are believed to be always dominated by a certain motivation. In the educational field, motivation is a very important requirement to keep the education and class-teaching going smoothly and effectively. Motivation is the most frequently used term for explaining success or failure in virtually any complex task. Its easy to claim that a motivated learner will do better in language learning. This is of course not groundless, for countless studies and experiments have demonstrated that motivation is a key to success in language learning. But researches also show only neither too high nor too low learning motivation can improve learning efficiently. Its clear that if learning motivation is too low, higher efficiency cant be achieved. Students with lower learning motivation are usually short of study enthusiasm. They are the passive participants in the learning activity and their learning efficiency will be negatively influenced. Students with too high of a motive intensity will fail to face difficulties confidently, fail to take part in the communication calmly and their potentials for study will not be desirable. According to Oxford and Nyikos'(1989: 404-19) research, the higher the learners motivation is , the more learning strategies and the more frequently he will use. As we know, learning is a kind of ,conscious activity, only when students hove the definite awareness to improve their learning and the strong desire to master learning strategies will they positively be able to find out and summarize strategies leading to success. Also, the outer learning strategies instruction and training can be internalized. In addition, the intensity of students learning motivation determines what kind of strategies they will choose and therefore affects the efficiency of their strategy use. For example, Biggs'(1990) research shows that students with extrinsic motivation tend to choose mechanic learning strategies while those with intrinsic motivation tend to choose meaningful organizing learning strategies; and students with higher motivation tend to use more frequently the learning strategies they have mastered while those with lower motivation are insensitive to the use of strategies. OO According to Gardner and Lambert(1972) , learners mainly with instrument motivation tend to use communicative learning strategies more frequently. Last but not least, interest is an important aspect in motivation. Interest is aroused and developed on the basis of needs. When one shows interest in certain things, theyll undoubtedly take positive attitudes towards them. As Einstein once said Interest is the best teacher. Some British psychologists experiments have proved that interest rather than intelligence can better promote students autonomous learning. Therefore, teachers should design creative and lively teaching activities and new forms and ways through various teaching media to help students learn better. 1.3.3.2 Personality What is personality? How is it to be generally delineated and understood ? In psychology, Eysenck (1974) occupies a pivotal position in this field. He elaborates a most comprehensive and objective approach to the study of personality. His theory, using dichotomies, identifies the general traits: extrovert/introvert and neurotic/stable. As for personality influencing foreign language learning, more researches are concerned with exploring the personality of extroversion and introversion. Traditionally, it has often been assumed that learners who are extroverts will be better and faster foreign language learners, who are generally more sociable and gregarious. They enjoy change and excitement. Extroverts will be more actively involved with the language than their introvert classmates. They will be more responsible to the input they get, be keener to try producing their own foreign language utterances and so have more opportunities to build up and test hypotheses about the language. Its also most noticeable in the language classroom where the teacher likes talkative, outgoing students who participate freely in class discussions. On the other hand, introverts are often thought of as reserved, bookish and slow. Unfortunately, this prejudice has had a considerable influence on language teaching, which vie should be careful with. So far, Griffiths (1991) viewpoints have been widely accepted: introverts have advantages over extroverts in developing their cognitive academic language ability, as they usually spend more time in grammar, reading and writing and they are good at observing and thinking. While extroverts are capable in basic interpersonal communication skills, as they have more opportunities and more language input. This is also in accordance with Zhu Chuns conclusion(1 994:347). In my opinion , as far as my 13 years teaching practice is concerned, these ideas are authoritative. So it needs to be judged fairly in our teaching practice. Personally, in our daily learning strategies instruction and specialized training, Id like to propose that we teachers of English should consciously encourage students to be extroverted, while at the same time being 1990, ( -fj kEi 03N*)IY. ]e~l t, M 122 ; aware of the optimum between extroversion and introversion, which may vary from student to student, from moment to moment. 1.3.3.3 Learning Styles The way we learn things in general and the particular attack we make on a problem seem to hinge upon a rather amorphous link between personality and cognition_ This link is called learning style or cognitive style. Ellis (1985) states Cognitive style is a term used to refer to the manner in which people perceive, conceptualize , organize and recall information. Each person is considered to have a more or less consistent mode of cognitive functioning. According to Wedell, M Liu Runqing (1995:209) Cognitive style refers to the ways that individuals organize, analyze and recall new information and experiences. Up till now, different researchers have identified different types of learning styles from different angles. For instance, Margaret. Morgan (1982:52) identifies 16 types of learning styles from two dimensions: extroversion-introversion; sense-intuition. Cl) Reid (1987) identifies as Audio-Sense Type, Visual-Sense Type, Moval-Sense Type, Touch-Sense Type from the angel of differe nt sensories. OO As far as the researches are concerned, the more detailed the divisions are, the better we can perform. However, in daily applications we find them too trivial. To make our studies convenient and operable, a distinction is made between Field-Dependent and Field- Independent language learners in the light of students perceptional styles. The following are seen in our practical English teaching: Field-dependent students are more positively influenced by their teachers; they perform better on structural tasks than unstructured; they dont try to analyze or think about English themselves; they are very reliant on what other people think of them and depend a great deal on positive feedback in their English learning; they tend to be seen as outgoing and interested in others and they are usually perceptive of the feelings and thoughts of others. In contrast, field-independent students do better without teachers interference; they are good at fmding patterns, organizing data to make generalizations and learning rules and they have a strong sense of personal identity and often seem insensitive to and distant from others. Its possible to say that these characteristics are not totally related to the styles of field independence or dependence, but its necessary for us teachers to be conscious of these cognitive elements in English teaching. What I would claim is that individual student vary their utilization of field dependence or field independence, depending on the context of learning. If a task requires field independence, individuals may invoke their field-independent style; if it requires field dependence, they may invoke a field-dependent style. Obviously, our role is to understand the preferred style of each student and to encourage the appropriate style for the context in our learning strategies Gordon Lawrence. 1982:52-53. People Types and Tiger Strips. Centre for Application of Psychological Type, Inc. ( Reid, J. 1987. The Learning Styles Preferences of ESL Students. TESOL Quarterly 21: 87-111 instruction and specialized training. Its worth mentioning that English learners themselves should be aware of their own learning styles so that they can make full of their own characteristics. 13.3.4 Intelligence Subjectively speaking, learners wont consciously choose and use learning strategies in line with their own intelligence, as learners are not necessarily aware of their own intelligence, furthermore, there hasnt been evident relationship between intelligence and learning strategies so far. However, objectively speaking, intelligence is still a factor influencing the formulation and choice of learners learning strategies to some extent, as we know, some learning strategies require learners higher intelligence, for example, when learners are required to summarize grammatical rules through language analysis and observation. Although the less intelligent learners may also attempt to foster and use these strategies, the efficiency when they use these strategies will surely be not as high as those more intelligent learners. Gradually, they will abandon these learning strategies consciously or unconsciously and thus they may turn to other learning strategies. The research into language strategies training has proved that the more intelligent students tend to develop their own effective learning strategies spontaneously through trying to figure out teachers daily interpretations and summarizing experiences in solving problems. While for the general intelligent students, they tend to develop their learning strategies through teachers specific and explicit instructions or training. For the poor students, they need not only teachers specific help and explicit interpretations but constant practice as well. In this case, they can use the learning strategies theyve got mechanically , but when the learning tasks , learning environment or learning contexts are changeable , they are at a loss as to how to choose appropriate learning strategies, or rather, even if they use the strategies, they still fail to solve problems effectively. It should be pointed out that intelligence is only one of the factors influencing students formulation _ and adoption, but not the mere condition. Its shared understanding that the more intelligent learners wont necessarily master the effective learning strategies naturally; while those who cant master effective learning strategies are not necessarily the less intelligent learners. 1.3.3.5 The Teacher Teaching, as a kind of cognition, is mainly embodied through students understanding, which is believed that students are the subjects of teaching. However, in the process of teaching, students cognition is not isolated, but conducted by the teacher. As a result, students acquirement , choice and application in learning strategies are dominated by the teacher. The teacher may influence students formulation and adoption of learning strategies directly or indirectly. The direct influence refers to the teachers special or embedded learning strategies training in English teaching. In terms of the teachers indirect influence, I mainly refer to the teachers teaching experience, teaching methods and teaching procedures, all of which may exert a subtle influence on the formulation of learners learning strategies. For example, an experienced teacher may have the following impacts on students acquirement and adoption of learning strategies: In teaching practice, the teacher is good at recognizing important learning strategies, and clearly aware which strategies are crucial to students of different ages, which strategies are indispensable to different learning tasks. Therefore, the teacher is able to teach students the appropriate strategies effectively in the light of students characteristics of different ages and meet the needs of different learning tasks. The teacher is constantly trying to seek new learning strategies . With the in-depth of the theory research and summarization of pragmatic teaching experience, learning strategies have been creating and discovering accordingly. The experienced teacher has to explore and seek new learning strategies in the light of teaching requirements , also, the teacher will provide the students with new learning strategies so that they may master more learning strategies effectively. The teacher is adept in choosing the appropriate learning strategies materials and making the materials more relevant and typical, which will make the selected materials in accordance with the students cognitive characteristics and personality, fully reflect the learning strategies being trained and also arouse students learning interest. The teacher is adept in converting the so-called implicit requirements of the teaching contents into explicit ones. It means that the teacher will be able to teach the learning strategies vaguely and consciously. The teacher is able to raise students awareness of learning and mastering learning strategies with the help of the outer teaching requirements at the right moment. Thats to say , when students are unconscious of the learning strategies, the teacher is able to stir their awareness efficiently; when students are subconscious of the learning strategies, the teacher is able to promote them consciously and clearly. Little by little, the students will learn to improve their learning , summarize their own experience and accumulate their learning strategies, which will undoubtedly help augment their learning efficiency. On the other hand, whether the teacher can adopt his teaching methods appropriately will also have an important impact on students formulation and adoption of learning strategies. As its known to us that learning strategies , after all, are kind of implicit learning techniques, the teacher who can adopt appropriate teaching methods will be able to make the abstract.teaching contents more specific, more vivid and more illustrative. Lastly, its worth mentioning that when the teacher has a profound understanding of the characteristics of the teaching procedures , he will teach students necessary learning strategies at the pivotal links and crucial periods. Similarly, in learning strategies instruction and training, the teacher can adopt the elicitation method rather than cramming method . Then the students can draw interferences about other cases from one instance with the teachers unraveling at certain crucial moments. 1.3.3.6 Other Factors Besides the factors mentioned above, learners age also has a conspicuous influence upon students formulation and adoption of learning strategies. With the growth of age, learners cognitive abilities will grow accordingly. As far as the learners are concerned, the periods can be divided into three periods: pre-school period, primary-school period and high-school period. C On the basis of the actual circumstances, the thesis is mainly focused on the high -school period. Although learners cognitive abilities are growing rapidly, and their cognitive ways are being enriched gradually, without the teachers help and instruction , high school students still cant develop and adopt learning strategies spontaneously and systematically. In view of this fact, learning strategies instruction and training among high school students is quite necessary. Indeed, there may be different factors influencing students mastery and adoption of learning strategies. Therefore, in our learning strategies instruction and training, we should take the following factors into full consideration: students learning motivation, personality, intelligence, learning styles, the teachers teaching methods and so on, because these studies will make our learning strategies instruction and training more directed, shorten students learning time and improve students learning efficiency. 1992. (Vft.,12.44-4) *VtfAk44-ailVii M 385 Bibliography English References: Chamot, A. U. OMalley, J. 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