Mind of Great Companies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Mind of Great Companies - Research Paper Example Because Marriott has not joined the line of companies that make revenue increases their focus without respect for corporate ethics, it can be said that the company is on the right path. However, there could be more room for improvement though the adaption of a client based corporate ethics whereby the company will have an avenue for their customers to bring on board critical aspects of ethics that they would want the company to address so that the company structures its programs to include these suggestions. In a recent publication, Marriott was mentioned as a model company that has a lot of focus for the adherence to its corporate principles that ensure and bring about reputation (Waddock, 2009). This is indeed an indication that the company’s citizenship and reputation has been noticed and praised by stakeholders. The need to do more by using the suggested client based ethics approach should however not be

Promote Products Essay Example for Free

Promote Products Essay 1. 1 Choose a product or service that could be promoted. Explain how and why you would promote that product or service. Identify at least three types of personnel you could use to help you plan and organise the promotion. What role would they play? How would their skills and experience help you? At work we are currently promoting our GPS products. We have chosen to promote these via direct marketing and by targeting certain business types. I liaised with our sales consultants, who talk to these people on a daily basis, to advise on what language should be used and what information they felt was most relevant to put across. We needed a graphic designer to create and develop ideas for the letters and DL flyers being sent. I also needed to involve juniors in the business to assist with folding letters and stuffing envelopes as we had determined that this would be a cheaper option for the business than using a mail house. 1. 2 Make a list of resources you would need for the promotion and identify where you could get them. Explain any actions you would need to take in order to have the resources ready for promotion. The database we purchased contained 7,000 leads so we then needed to purchase paper, envelops, ink, return stamps and organise postage. Paper, envelopes and labels for return address were all ordered in advance from Staples. Ink was also pre-ordered to ensure we didn’t run out during the print job. We then liaised with Australia Post to determine the best way to post this number of letters. We chose their â€Å"clean mail† option which meant having to mark each envelope with a pre paid stamp before taking to the post office. This stamp was purchased through Australia Post.

Literature Review of Language Learning Strategies

Literature Review of Language Learning Strategies Chapter 1 Literature Review of Language Learning Strategies 1.1 Introduction Research into language learning strategies began in the 1960s, particularly , development in cognitive psychology influenced much of the research done on language learning strategies (Williams Burden 2000 :149). Since then, there has been a prominent shift within the field of language learning and teaching with greater emphasis being put on learners and learning rather than on teachers and teaching. In parallel to this new shift of interest, how learners process new information and what kinds of strategies they employ to understand, learn or remember the information has been the primary concern of the researchers dealing with the area of foreign language learning. Therefore, a lot of researchers have been devoting themselves to the area, among whom best represented by Rubin (1975), Cohen (1981), Wenden (1982), Oxford(1989), OMalley Chamot (1990), etc. In China, the research into language learning strategies began in the middle 1980s, such as Huang Xiaohua(1985), Gui Shichun (1988), Liu Runqing (1990), followed by Wen Qiufang(1996) and Cheng Xiaotang(2000). 1.2 Significance of the Studies of English Learning Strategies Learning is a lifelong task for each person. With the development of the times and the promotion of the English education reform, we, teachers of English have been clearly aware that our duty is not only to teach students language knowledge, whats more, we should teach them to learn to learn. As far as the reality is concerned, the studies of English learning strategies are significant in these regards as follows: The studies of English learning strategies meet the needs of the current implementation of quality-oriented education in our country. At present, quality-oriented education is being carried out in both primary schools and middle schools, whereas quality-oriented education is the one focusing on students overall development. As we see, the humankind has entered the information and knowledge-based economy era in which science and technology are advancing by bounds and leaps with each passing day. Therefore, students should be equipped with lifelong capabilities of learning if they want to succeed in fierce competitions in future. As teachers of English, we should help students to master the correct methods of learning English, develop students learning potentials, foster their sound learning habits and bring up the abilities of teaching themselves English so that they can have concrete foundations of English learning after they leave school. In addition, the fosterage of learning strategies is beneficial to developing students fine personalities as well as their spirits of innovation. No wonder that the newly-issued national English Curriculum Standard (2003:29) points out Helping students develop sound learning habits and form the effective learning strategies is an important task of English curriculum. Just as the Chinese saying goes, Give a man a fish and he eats a day; teach him how to fish and he eats for a lifetime. 2. The studies of English learning strategies are conducive to shifting our teachers traditional beliefs so as to elevate our own quality and thus improving the quality of our teaching and education in large scales. In the current world, the rapid development of social economy, culture, science and technology have been all the more seeing the traditional beliefs and modes fail to adapt to the modem educational requirements . Through the studies , we can better update the teachers educational beliefs and constantly learn new teaching methods and new knowledge to meet the needs of educational reforms. Furthermore, we hold that quality is the absolute principle in the educational career. Regrettably, a lot of problems leading to poor educational quality come down to the inefficient learning methods rather than teaching methods. Hence, if we want to improve the quality of our education and teaching in large scales, we shall regard the studies of learning strategies as the breakthrough point . According to foreign language pedagogy theory, teaching and learning belong to an inseparable organic entity which are interdependent and complementary to each other. All these require we should strengthen the studies of the English learning strategies in middle schools. 3. The studies of English learning strategies help the learners(students) become more successful in their learning. The SLA theory and practice have all the more been proving that the cognition of learning methods plays an increasingly important role in ones learning and the prerequisite to learning English well is to learn how to learn effectively. More and more research results have also shown that the effective learning strategies are quite relevant to ones academic achievements . Biggs(1990) points out that when students are eager to learn and know how to learn, they will be able to achieve ideal achievements. So the studies of English learning strategies are important means to improving students learning efficiency in an all-round way. 1.3 Language Learning Strategies Since the emergence of learning strategies, many researchers have been concentrating their attention on language learning strategies, however, defining and classifying language learning strategies has been a major concern for researchers devoted to this area. As language learning strategy studies develop and researchers identify more and more strategies, the classification schemes become more elaborate and complicated, which in themselves are not a problem because they help us to have a better understanding of the nature of language learning strategies. 1.3.1 Definition of Language Learning Strategies The term language learning strategies has been defined by many researchers. Learning strategies are defined by Rubin(1975:43) as the techniques or devices that the language learner may use to gain knowledge. Weinstein and Mayer (1986:315) state that Learning strategies have learning facilitation as a goal and are intention on the part of the learner, the goal of strategy use is to affect the learners motivation or affective state, or the way in which the learner selects, acquires, organizes, or integrates new knowledge. Wenden (1987: 19) defines learning strategies as any sets of operations, steps, plans , routines used by the learner to facilitate the obtaining, storage, retrieval, and use of information. According to Stem (1992:261) , the concept of learning strategies is dependent on the assumption that learners consciously engage in activities to achieve certain goals and learning strategies can be regarded as broadly conceived intentional directions and learning strategies . Williams and Burden (2000:216) define learning strategies as series of skills used with a particular learning purpose in mind. They involve an ability to monitor the learning situation and respond accordingly and they also mean being able to assess the situation, to plan, to select appropriate skills, to sequence them, to coordinate them, to monitor or assess their effectiveness and to revise the plan when necessary. Based on Chinese students learning and development , the newly-issued National English Curriculum Standard (2003:23) regard learning strategies as all kinds of actions and measures students take in order to learn efficiently and develop themselves. To sum up, we may understand English learning strategies as follows: Firstly, learning strategies are the complex plans concerning learning process learners make. In a strict sense, all the plans of the learning activities should be different, thats to say, the learning strategies each time used by the learners are quite different. However, relatively speaking, for the same sort of learning, learners may have similar plans, which we may call learning strategies in common use, just like the reading method SQ3R(Survey, Question, Read, Recite and Revise)many learners use. Secondly, learning strategies are initiatively used by the learners so as to achieve a certain learning goal. Therefore, learners should make appropriate learning plans in the light of their learning tasks accordingly. Generally speaking, learners are conscious when they use certain learning strategies. When the plans are being carried out over and over, learners level of using them will reach a certain sort of automation. Thirdly, to use learning strategies is to learn efficiently. On the contrary, if the learners dont use certain strategies in their learning, they may find it difficult to attain their learning aim. In other words, they wont get satisfying effect even if they finally attain a certain aim. Take memorizing English words as an example, given enough time, one can also remember words through mechanical repetition. However, if one uses other methods , the memorizing efficiency may be improved greatly. 1.3.2 Classification of Language Learning Strategies Classifying language learning strategies has been a major concern for researchers devoted to this field. So far language learning strategies have been classified by many scholars, such as OMalley(1985), Wenden Rubin(1987) , Oxford (1990), Stern(1992) , Ellis (1994), Wen Qiufang (1996) and so on. Lets see a few representative viewpoints: OMalleys (1985) classification of language learning strategies Metacognitive strategies Cognitive strategies Socioaffective strategies Rubins (1987) classification of language learning strategies / Learning strategies Cognitive learning strategies Metacognitive learning strategies Communicative strategies Social strategies Oxfords(1990) classification of language learning strategies Direct strategies  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Memory Cognitive   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compensation strategies Indirect strategies  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Metacgnitive strategies Affective strategies Social strategies Stems(1992) classification of language learning strategies Management and planning strategies Cognitive strategies Communicative-Experiential strategies Interpersonal strategies Affective strategies Wen Qiufangs (1996) classification of language learning strategies Concept Methods- Management methods Learning methods As different researchers have given different ways of classification from different aspects . In order to make the operation of English learning strategies instruction and training more convenient and effective, on the basis of National English Curriculum Standard (2003) and taxonomies mentioned. above, on the one hand , Ive adopted the following classification according to the role that strategies play in the learning process, that is , affective strategies, cognitive strategies, metacognitive (regulative) strategies, communicative strategies and resourceful strategies; on the other hand, in accordance with the fields of language knowledge and language skills, Ive listed strategies for learning vocabulary, grammar, and strategies for developing listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. The former will be penetrated in my daily English teaching (Strategy-based instruction) and the latter will be trained through special lectures. 1.3.3 Factors Influencing Language Learning Strategies The use of learning strategies is not an isolated phenomenon. The mastery and adoption of students learning strategies are undoubtedly affected by various factors. So the research and investigation into these factors will surely be of great help to teachers who are engaged in learning strategies instruction and training, as the teachers can control or eliminate the disturbance of these elements. Furthermore, the research into the factors influencing learning strategies plays an extremely important role in shortening students learning time and improving their learning efficiency and making the strategies instruction and training more targeted. As we know , learners(students) and teachers are two closely related aspects in teaching, so the factors influencing the mastery and adoption of students learning strategies mainly derive from students and teachers. 1.3.3.1 Motivation and Interest By motivation, I mean the term of describing , arising, maintaining and guiding of the human behaviors. To some extent, motivation is the driving power of human behaviors. Therefore, motivation is very important when students learn English. They are believed to be always dominated by a certain motivation. In the educational field, motivation is a very important requirement to keep the education and class-teaching going smoothly and effectively. Motivation is the most frequently used term for explaining success or failure in virtually any complex task. Its easy to claim that a motivated learner will do better in language learning. This is of course not groundless, for countless studies and experiments have demonstrated that motivation is a key to success in language learning. But researches also show only neither too high nor too low learning motivation can improve learning efficiently. Its clear that if learning motivation is too low, higher efficiency cant be achieved. Students with lower learning motivation are usually short of study enthusiasm. They are the passive participants in the learning activity and their learning efficiency will be negatively influenced. Students with too high of a motive intensity will fail to face difficulties confidently, fail to take part in the communication calmly and their potentials for study will not be desirable. According to Oxford and Nyikos'(1989: 404-19) research, the higher the learners motivation is , the more learning strategies and the more frequently he will use. As we know, learning is a kind of ,conscious activity, only when students hove the definite awareness to improve their learning and the strong desire to master learning strategies will they positively be able to find out and summarize strategies leading to success. Also, the outer learning strategies instruction and training can be internalized. In addition, the intensity of students learning motivation determines what kind of strategies they will choose and therefore affects the efficiency of their strategy use. For example, Biggs'(1990) research shows that students with extrinsic motivation tend to choose mechanic learning strategies while those with intrinsic motivation tend to choose meaningful organizing learning strategies; and students with higher motivation tend to use more frequently the learning strategies they have mastered while those with lower motivation are insensitive to the use of strategies. OO According to Gardner and Lambert(1972) , learners mainly with instrument motivation tend to use communicative learning strategies more frequently. Last but not least, interest is an important aspect in motivation. Interest is aroused and developed on the basis of needs. When one shows interest in certain things, theyll undoubtedly take positive attitudes towards them. As Einstein once said Interest is the best teacher. Some British psychologists experiments have proved that interest rather than intelligence can better promote students autonomous learning. Therefore, teachers should design creative and lively teaching activities and new forms and ways through various teaching media to help students learn better. 1.3.3.2 Personality What is personality? How is it to be generally delineated and understood ? In psychology, Eysenck (1974) occupies a pivotal position in this field. He elaborates a most comprehensive and objective approach to the study of personality. His theory, using dichotomies, identifies the general traits: extrovert/introvert and neurotic/stable. As for personality influencing foreign language learning, more researches are concerned with exploring the personality of extroversion and introversion. Traditionally, it has often been assumed that learners who are extroverts will be better and faster foreign language learners, who are generally more sociable and gregarious. They enjoy change and excitement. Extroverts will be more actively involved with the language than their introvert classmates. They will be more responsible to the input they get, be keener to try producing their own foreign language utterances and so have more opportunities to build up and test hypotheses about the language. Its also most noticeable in the language classroom where the teacher likes talkative, outgoing students who participate freely in class discussions. On the other hand, introverts are often thought of as reserved, bookish and slow. Unfortunately, this prejudice has had a considerable influence on language teaching, which vie should be careful with. So far, Griffiths (1991) viewpoints have been widely accepted: introverts have advantages over extroverts in developing their cognitive academic language ability, as they usually spend more time in grammar, reading and writing and they are good at observing and thinking. While extroverts are capable in basic interpersonal communication skills, as they have more opportunities and more language input. This is also in accordance with Zhu Chuns conclusion(1 994:347). In my opinion , as far as my 13 years teaching practice is concerned, these ideas are authoritative. So it needs to be judged fairly in our teaching practice. Personally, in our daily learning strategies instruction and specialized training, Id like to propose that we teachers of English should consciously encourage students to be extroverted, while at the same time being 1990, ( -fj kEi 03N*)IY. ]e~l t, M 122 ; aware of the optimum between extroversion and introversion, which may vary from student to student, from moment to moment. 1.3.3.3 Learning Styles The way we learn things in general and the particular attack we make on a problem seem to hinge upon a rather amorphous link between personality and cognition_ This link is called learning style or cognitive style. Ellis (1985) states Cognitive style is a term used to refer to the manner in which people perceive, conceptualize , organize and recall information. Each person is considered to have a more or less consistent mode of cognitive functioning. According to Wedell, M Liu Runqing (1995:209) Cognitive style refers to the ways that individuals organize, analyze and recall new information and experiences. Up till now, different researchers have identified different types of learning styles from different angles. For instance, Margaret. Morgan (1982:52) identifies 16 types of learning styles from two dimensions: extroversion-introversion; sense-intuition. Cl) Reid (1987) identifies as Audio-Sense Type, Visual-Sense Type, Moval-Sense Type, Touch-Sense Type from the angel of differe nt sensories. OO As far as the researches are concerned, the more detailed the divisions are, the better we can perform. However, in daily applications we find them too trivial. To make our studies convenient and operable, a distinction is made between Field-Dependent and Field- Independent language learners in the light of students perceptional styles. The following are seen in our practical English teaching: Field-dependent students are more positively influenced by their teachers; they perform better on structural tasks than unstructured; they dont try to analyze or think about English themselves; they are very reliant on what other people think of them and depend a great deal on positive feedback in their English learning; they tend to be seen as outgoing and interested in others and they are usually perceptive of the feelings and thoughts of others. In contrast, field-independent students do better without teachers interference; they are good at fmding patterns, organizing data to make generalizations and learning rules and they have a strong sense of personal identity and often seem insensitive to and distant from others. Its possible to say that these characteristics are not totally related to the styles of field independence or dependence, but its necessary for us teachers to be conscious of these cognitive elements in English teaching. What I would claim is that individual student vary their utilization of field dependence or field independence, depending on the context of learning. If a task requires field independence, individuals may invoke their field-independent style; if it requires field dependence, they may invoke a field-dependent style. Obviously, our role is to understand the preferred style of each student and to encourage the appropriate style for the context in our learning strategies Gordon Lawrence. 1982:52-53. People Types and Tiger Strips. Centre for Application of Psychological Type, Inc. ( Reid, J. 1987. The Learning Styles Preferences of ESL Students. TESOL Quarterly 21: 87-111 instruction and specialized training. Its worth mentioning that English learners themselves should be aware of their own learning styles so that they can make full of their own characteristics. 13.3.4 Intelligence Subjectively speaking, learners wont consciously choose and use learning strategies in line with their own intelligence, as learners are not necessarily aware of their own intelligence, furthermore, there hasnt been evident relationship between intelligence and learning strategies so far. However, objectively speaking, intelligence is still a factor influencing the formulation and choice of learners learning strategies to some extent, as we know, some learning strategies require learners higher intelligence, for example, when learners are required to summarize grammatical rules through language analysis and observation. Although the less intelligent learners may also attempt to foster and use these strategies, the efficiency when they use these strategies will surely be not as high as those more intelligent learners. Gradually, they will abandon these learning strategies consciously or unconsciously and thus they may turn to other learning strategies. The research into language strategies training has proved that the more intelligent students tend to develop their own effective learning strategies spontaneously through trying to figure out teachers daily interpretations and summarizing experiences in solving problems. While for the general intelligent students, they tend to develop their learning strategies through teachers specific and explicit instructions or training. For the poor students, they need not only teachers specific help and explicit interpretations but constant practice as well. In this case, they can use the learning strategies theyve got mechanically , but when the learning tasks , learning environment or learning contexts are changeable , they are at a loss as to how to choose appropriate learning strategies, or rather, even if they use the strategies, they still fail to solve problems effectively. It should be pointed out that intelligence is only one of the factors influencing students formulation _ and adoption, but not the mere condition. Its shared understanding that the more intelligent learners wont necessarily master the effective learning strategies naturally; while those who cant master effective learning strategies are not necessarily the less intelligent learners. 1.3.3.5 The Teacher Teaching, as a kind of cognition, is mainly embodied through students understanding, which is believed that students are the subjects of teaching. However, in the process of teaching, students cognition is not isolated, but conducted by the teacher. As a result, students acquirement , choice and application in learning strategies are dominated by the teacher. The teacher may influence students formulation and adoption of learning strategies directly or indirectly. The direct influence refers to the teachers special or embedded learning strategies training in English teaching. In terms of the teachers indirect influence, I mainly refer to the teachers teaching experience, teaching methods and teaching procedures, all of which may exert a subtle influence on the formulation of learners learning strategies. For example, an experienced teacher may have the following impacts on students acquirement and adoption of learning strategies: In teaching practice, the teacher is good at recognizing important learning strategies, and clearly aware which strategies are crucial to students of different ages, which strategies are indispensable to different learning tasks. Therefore, the teacher is able to teach students the appropriate strategies effectively in the light of students characteristics of different ages and meet the needs of different learning tasks. The teacher is constantly trying to seek new learning strategies . With the in-depth of the theory research and summarization of pragmatic teaching experience, learning strategies have been creating and discovering accordingly. The experienced teacher has to explore and seek new learning strategies in the light of teaching requirements , also, the teacher will provide the students with new learning strategies so that they may master more learning strategies effectively. The teacher is adept in choosing the appropriate learning strategies materials and making the materials more relevant and typical, which will make the selected materials in accordance with the students cognitive characteristics and personality, fully reflect the learning strategies being trained and also arouse students learning interest. The teacher is adept in converting the so-called implicit requirements of the teaching contents into explicit ones. It means that the teacher will be able to teach the learning strategies vaguely and consciously. The teacher is able to raise students awareness of learning and mastering learning strategies with the help of the outer teaching requirements at the right moment. Thats to say , when students are unconscious of the learning strategies, the teacher is able to stir their awareness efficiently; when students are subconscious of the learning strategies, the teacher is able to promote them consciously and clearly. Little by little, the students will learn to improve their learning , summarize their own experience and accumulate their learning strategies, which will undoubtedly help augment their learning efficiency. On the other hand, whether the teacher can adopt his teaching methods appropriately will also have an important impact on students formulation and adoption of learning strategies. As its known to us that learning strategies , after all, are kind of implicit learning techniques, the teacher who can adopt appropriate teaching methods will be able to make the abstract.teaching contents more specific, more vivid and more illustrative. Lastly, its worth mentioning that when the teacher has a profound understanding of the characteristics of the teaching procedures , he will teach students necessary learning strategies at the pivotal links and crucial periods. Similarly, in learning strategies instruction and training, the teacher can adopt the elicitation method rather than cramming method . Then the students can draw interferences about other cases from one instance with the teachers unraveling at certain crucial moments. 1.3.3.6 Other Factors Besides the factors mentioned above, learners age also has a conspicuous influence upon students formulation and adoption of learning strategies. With the growth of age, learners cognitive abilities will grow accordingly. As far as the learners are concerned, the periods can be divided into three periods: pre-school period, primary-school period and high-school period. C On the basis of the actual circumstances, the thesis is mainly focused on the high -school period. Although learners cognitive abilities are growing rapidly, and their cognitive ways are being enriched gradually, without the teachers help and instruction , high school students still cant develop and adopt learning strategies spontaneously and systematically. In view of this fact, learning strategies instruction and training among high school students is quite necessary. Indeed, there may be different factors influencing students mastery and adoption of learning strategies. Therefore, in our learning strategies instruction and training, we should take the following factors into full consideration: students learning motivation, personality, intelligence, learning styles, the teachers teaching methods and so on, because these studies will make our learning strategies instruction and training more directed, shorten students learning time and improve students learning efficiency. 1992. (Vft.,12.44-4) *VtfAk44-ailVii M 385 Bibliography English References: Chamot, A. U. OMalley, J. M. et al .1994. The CALLA handbook: Implementing the cognitive academic language learning approach. White Plains, NY: Addison Wesley Longman. Chamot, A. U. OMalley, J. M. et al. 1994. Language learner and learning strategies In N. C. Ellis (Ed.), London: Academic. Chamot, A.U. .1993. Student responses to learning strategy instruction in the foreign language classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 26: 308-321. Clouston, M. .1997. Language Leaning Strategies: An Overview for Learning Strategy Teachers The Internet TESL Journal. Cohen, A. D. 1998 . Strategies in learning and using a second language. NY: Addison Wesley Longman Limited. Ellis, R..2002. The Study of Second Language Acquisition. UK: Oxford University Press. Flavell, J. H..1981. Cognitive monitoring. In W. P. Dickson (Ed.), Childrens oral communication skills (pp. 35-60). New York: Academic Press. Gardber,R.C. Lambert W.E.,1972.Attitudes and Motivation in Second Language Learning. Rowley: Newburry House Publishers Griffiths, R..1991. Personality and Second Language Teaching: theory, research and practice. Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre Hall, Stephen. 1997. Language Learning Strategies : from the ideals to classroom tasks. Language and Communication Division, Temasek Polytechnic Jones, B. A, Palincsar, D.Ogle and E,Carr. .1986 .Strategic teaching and learning: Cognitive instruction in the content area. Alexandria.VA: Association of Supervision and Curriculum Development Kassin, Saul. M. 1998. Psychology (2 Edition) USA: Prentice -Hall, Inc Nyikos, M. 1996. The conceptual shift to learner-centered classrooms: Increasing teacher and student strategic awareness. In R. L. Oxford (Ed.), Language ]earning strategies around the world: Cross-cultural perspective (pp. 109-117). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Malley, J. M. Chamot, A. U..1990. Learning strategies in second language acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Oxford, R. L. (Ed.). 1999. Language Learning Strategie

Video Games Are More Useful Than You Think Essay -- Argumentative Vide

In today’s world of video games, there are wonderful pictures, surround sound effects, and realistic graphics which encourage players to keep playing. It means when they play an action game or war game, it will have shooting shots, bloody splashes, decapitated scenes, or fighting movements. Unfortunately some people call these games causes negative effects in players. They say that violent video games cause players to become killers or terrorists. A research study on video game violence concluded, â€Å"There is no evidence to show proof of the relationship between computer game violence and violence in children above the age of 8.† (Stuart, 2014) Moreover, millions of people play violent video games and never commit crimes. Actually video games have been established for long time ago – more than 20 years before the violent video games became a mainstream industry around the world. Vidoe games provide player with numerous benefits. More than hundred reasons that make video games violent are good for people who really love to play an action video game. Video games create benefits for players both directly and indirectly ways. First of all, the clear advantage of video games is a video game introduces children to computers and the internet technology because nowadays most games are involved with the internet. (Farrales) Then the video games avoid drugs and uninvolved with gangsters. Because when children or teenagers begin to play games inside the home rather than being on the streets and join the gangsters, or use any drugs. Moreover, the players are training for cooperation skills between making their brain move fast to moving their hands, and having sharp eyes for catch up. Consequently, the players increase their potential of co... ...ResearchPaper.htm#effects ) Nadeau, Brandon. â€Å"Video Games Make Society Less Violent.† American Now. The Daily Campus., The University of Connecticut. October 21, 2012 Stuart, Keith. "Video games are not making us more violent, study shows" Guardian News and Media Limited, Monday 10 November 2014. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/nov/10/video-games-violent-study-finds Kalning, Kristin. â€Å"Does game violence make teens aggressive?† Dec. 8, 2012 (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16099971/) Pratt, Bill. â€Å"The Advantages of Video Games.† April 25, 2013 (http://www.articlesbase.com/web-hosting-articles/the-advantages-of-video-games-395921.html) Taylor, Laurie N. â€Å"Positive Features of Video Games.† Handbook of Children, Culture, and Violence. Eds. Nancy E. Dowd, Dorothy G. Singer, and Robin Fretwell Wilson. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2006.

Supreme Court of the United States and Reasonable Accommodation

35-1Discuss fully whether any of the following actions would constitute a violation of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, as amended. 1. Tennington, Inc. is a consulting firm and has ten employees. These employees travel on consulting jobs in seven states. Tennington has an employment record of hiring only white males. 2. Novo Films, Inc. is making a film about Africa and needs to employ approximately one hundred extras for this picture. To hire these extras, Novo advertises in all major newspapers in Southern California.The ad states that only African Americans need apply. In depth it is a bit different. If Tennington, Inc is approached by more highly qualified white males than other genders, races, etc then no violation has been committed. If not then it is likely a violation. The film industry is perfectly capable of using makeup on other races to make them look African. In any case it makes sense that a film about Africa should use people who look like Africans. Films about the civil war generally look for actors who look like Lincoln, etc†¦ *tangent* historically in the music and theater industry there used to be â€Å"white face† and â€Å"black face†, of the two only white face really still exists in the form of mimes) All in all this is a bit of fact mixed with opinion, and I'm not in any way a Business Law expert. Hopefully all people are experts in one sense or the other on Ethics though 35-2Chinawa, a major processor of cheese sold throughout the United States, employs one hundred workers at its principal processing plant.The plant is located in Heartland Corners, which has a population that is 50 percent white and 25 percent African American, with the balance Hispanic American, Asian American, and others. Chinawa requires a high school diploma as a condition of employment for its cleaning crew. Three-fourths of the white population complete high school, compared with only one-fourth of those in the minority groups. Chinawa ha s an all-white cleaning crew. Has Chinawa violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964? Explain.Educational requirements can be legally imposed providing the educational re ­quirement is directly related to, and necessary for, performance of the job. The requirement of a high school diploma is not a direct, job-related requirement in this case. Chinawa obviously comes under the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Title VII, as amended, and the educational requirement under the circumstances is defi ­nitely discriminatory against minorities. 35-3 PGA Tour, Inc. , sponsors professional golf tournaments. A player may enter in several ways, but the most common method is to successfully compete in a three-stage qualifying tournament known as the â€Å"Q-School. Anyone may enter the Q-School by submitting two letters of recommendation and paying $3,000 to cover greens fees and the cost of a golf cart, which is permitted during the first two stages but is prohibited during the third stage. T he rules governing the events include the â€Å"Rules of Golf,† which apply at all levels of amateur and professional golf and do not prohibit the use of golf carts, and the â€Å"hard card,†which applies specifically to the PGA tour and requires the players to walk the course during most of a tournament.Casey Martin is a talented golfer with a degenerative circulatory disorder that prevents him from walking golf courses. Martin entered the Q-School and asked for permission to use a cart during the third stage. PGA refused. Martin filed a suit in a federal district court against PGA, alleging a violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Is a golf cart in these circumstances a â€Å"reasonable accommodation† under the ADA? Why or why not? Yes, a golf cart is a reasonable accommodation for a talented golfer who suffers from a disability that prevents him from being able to walk the entire golf course.To qualify on a claim under the ADA, Martin must sh ow that he had a disability, was otherwise qualified for the PGA golf tournament, and was excluded from the tournament solely because of his disability. Here, Martin suffers from a degenerative circulatory disorder, was otherwise qualified to play golf in the tournament, but was excluded because his disability made him unable to walk the course. Allowing Martin to use a golf cart in these circumstances would be a reasonable accommodation. The court ordered PGA to permit Martin to use a cart. PGA appealed to the U. S.Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which affirmed the order of the lower court. PGA appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which affirmed the lower court’s decision, ruling that a golf cart is a reasonable accommodation for a disabled athlete. PGA argued that making an exception to its â€Å"walking† rule would â€Å"fundamentally alter the sport of golf. † The Supreme Court disagreed, stating that the â€Å"use of a cart is not inconsist ent with the fundamental charac ­ter of the game of golf,† PGA’s tours, or the third stage of the Q-School. Golf is defined by â€Å"shot-making,† not by walking.The Court explained that the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is applied case by case. In other words, â€Å"the needs of a disabled person are evalu ­ated on an individual basis. † Thus, in this case, â€Å"even if petitioner’s factual predicate is accepted, its legal posi ­tion is fatally flawed because its refusal to consider Martin’s personal circum ­stances in deciding whether to accommodate his disability runs counter to the ADA’s requirement that an individualized in ­quiry be conducted. † 35-4 The United Auto Workers (UAW) is the union that represents the employees of General Dynamics Land Systems, Inc.In 1997, a collective bargaining agreement between UAW and General Dynamics eliminated the company’s obligation to provide health insurance to employees who retired after the date of the agreement, except for current workers at least fifty years of age. Dennis Cline and 194 other employees over the age of forty but under age fifty objected to this term. They complained to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, claiming that the agreement violated the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967. The ADEA forbids discriminatory preference for the â€Å"young† over the â€Å"old. † Does the ADEA also prohibit favoring the old over the young?How should the court rule? Explain. The ADEA did also needed to prohibit favoring the old over the young. The ADEA should not only forbids discriminatory preference for the young over the old but should also forbids discriminatory preference for the old over the young. Just because the young are least likely to be using or needing health insurance they also need to be covered due to them also being human and they might as well need it due to health problems t hey might suffer accidently, airborne, and/or genetic. 35-5 Kimberly Cloutier began working at the Costco store in West Springfield, Massachusetts, in July 1997.Cloutier had multiple earrings and four tattoos, but no facial piercings. In June 1998, Costco promoted Cloutier to cashier. Over the next two years, she engaged in various forms of body modification, including facial piercing and cutting. In March 2001, Costco revised its dress code to prohibit all facial jewelry except earrings. Cloutier was told that she would have to remove her facial jewelry. She asked for a complete exemption from the code, asserting that she was a member of the Church of Body Modification and that eyebrow piercing was part of her religion. She was told to remove the jewelry, cover it, or go home.She went home and was later discharged for her absence. Cloutier filed a suit in a federal district court against Costco, alleging religious discrimination in violation of Title VII. Does an employer have an o bligation to accommodate its employees’ religious practices? If so, to what extent? How should the court rule in this case? Discuss. Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, an employer must offer a reasonable accommodation to resolve a conflict between an employee’s sincere religious belief and a condition of employment, unless such an accommodation would create an undue hardship for the employer’s business.An accommodation constitutes an undue hard ­ship if it imposes more than a minimal cost on an employer. The only accommodation that Cloutier con ­sidered reasonable was a complete exemption from the no-facial-jewelry policy. This could be construed to impose an undue hardship on Costco. The company’s dress code could be based on the belief that employees reflect on their employers, especially em ­ployees who regularly interact with customers, as Cloutier did in her cashier position. Thus, Cloutier’s fa ­cial jewelry could have affected Costco’s public image.Under this reasoning and in such a situation, an employer has no obligation to offer an accommodation before taking other action. The court should issue a judgment in Costco’s favor. 35-6 For twenty years, Darlene Jespersen worked as a bartender at Harrah’s Casino in Reno,Nevada. In 2000,Harrah’s implemented a â€Å"Personal Best† program that included new grooming standards. Among other requirements, women were told to wear makeup â€Å"applied neatly in complimentary colors. † Jespersen, who never wore makeup off the job, felt so uncomfortable wearing it on the job hat it interfered with her ability to perform. Unwilling to wear makeup and not qualifying for another position at Harrah’s with similar compensation, Jespersen quit the casino. She filed a suit in a federal district court against Harrah’s Operating Co. , the casino’s owner, alleging that the makeup policy discriminated against women in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Harrah’s argued that any burdens under the new program fell equally on both genders, citing the â€Å"Personal Best† short-hair standard that applied only to men.Jespersen responded by describing her personal reaction to the makeup policy and emphasizing her exemplary record during her tenure at Harrah’s. In whose favor should the court rule? Why? The court granted a summary judgment to Harrah's. Jespersen appealed to the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which affirmed the lower court’s judgment. The appellate court acknowledged that Jespersen was effectively terminated for failing to comply with the makeup requirement and agreed that â€Å"appearance standards, including makeup requirements, may well be the subject of a Title VII claim for sexual stereotyping. In this case, however, there was no â€Å"evidence to establish that complying with the ‘Personal Best’ standard s caused burdens to fall unequally on men or women, and there is no evidence to suggest Harrah's motivation was to stereotype the women bartenders. † Some standards applied to members of both sexes, some only to men, and some including the makeup policy only to women. â€Å"The only evidence in the record to support the stereotyping claim is Jespersen's own subjective reaction to the makeup requirement. We respect Jespersen's resolve to be true to herself and to the image that she wishes to project to the world.We cannot agree, however, that her objection to the makeup requirement, without more, can give rise to a claim of sex stereotyping under Title VII. If we were to do so, we would come perilously close to holding that every grooming, apparel, or appearance requirement that an individual finds personally offensive, or in conflict with his or her own self-image, can create a triable issue of sex discrimination. † 35-7 Cerebral palsy limits Steven Bradley’s use of his legs. He uses forearm crutches for short-distance walks and a wheelchair for longer distances. Standing for more than ten or fifteen minutes is difficult.With support, however, Bradley can climb stairs and get on and off a stool. His condition also restricts the use of his fourth finger to, for example, type, but it does not limit his ability to write—he completed two years of college. His grip strength is normal, and he can lift heavy objects. In 2001, Bradley applied for a â€Å"greeter† or â€Å"cashier† position at a Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. , Supercenter in Richmond, Missouri. The job descriptions stated, â€Å"No experience or qualification is required. † Bradley indicated that he was available for full- or part time work from 4:00 P.M. to 10:00 P. M. any evening. His employment history showed that he currently worked as a proofreader and that he had previously worked as an administrator. His application was rejected, according to Janet Daugher ty, the personnel manager, based on his â€Å"work history† and the â€Å"direct threat† that he posed to the safety of himself and others. Bradley claimed, however, that the store refused to hire him due to his disability. What steps must Bradley follow to pursue his claim? What does he need to show to prevail? Is he likely to meet these requirements? Discuss.As per the law an employer is legally liable for discrimination against people with disabilities if as an employer he falls under these criteria’s: private employers, state and local governments, employment agencies, labor organizations, and labor-management committees. The part of the ADA enforced by the EEOC outlaws job discrimination by: all employers, including State and local government employers, with 25 or more employees after July 26, 1992, and All employers, including State and local government employers, with 15 or more employees after July 26, 1994. Another part of the ADA, enforced by the U.S. Department of Justice, prohibits discrimination in State and local government programs and activities, including discrimination by all State and local governments, regardless of the number of employees, after January 26, 1992. To be protected under the ADA, you must have a record of, or be regarded as having a substantial, as opposed to a minor, impairment. A substantial impairment is one that significantly limits or restricts a major life activity such as hearing, seeing, speaking, walking, breathing, and performing manual tasks, caring for oneself, learning or working.If you have a disability, you must also be qualified to perform the essential functions or duties of a job, with or without reasonable accommodation, in order to be protected from job discrimination by the ADA. This means two things. First, you must satisfy the employer’s requirements for the job, such as education, employment experience, skills or licenses. Second, you must be able to perform the essential fu nctions of the job with or without reasonable accommodation. Essential functions are the fundamental job duties that you must be able to perform on your own or with the help of a reasonable accommodation.An employer cannot refuse to hire you because your disability prevents you from performing duties that are not essential to the job. The crux of the matter is whether there is such a thing as a right to a job. Obviously there isn’t. The only right here, which is violated by the federal agencies, is the one of the owner of the establishment. The right to one’s property, a right protected by the constitution, which implies that one is free to hire whomever one wishes to and for whatever reason suits one’s fancy.While refusing admission or a job because of someone’s race, gender, nationality or any reason other than lacking the required qualification and experience for the job may be foolish but one has the right to run one’s own business foolishly if one wishes to. There is no right such as the right to a job, right to health care, right to education, etc. A right implies something one has by the virtue of being a human being, not a service to be provided or exchanges with another human being. If one has the right to demand an exchange of services, not via mutual agreement but by force then that’s slavery for the other person.One has the right to one’s property and dispose of it as one wishes to. As long as no one forces the parties involved to deal with each other, no one’s rights are violated. Not real ones at least. One can imagine several non existing rights and cry foul play, however that won’t hold ground constitutionally and reasonably. Hotels, clubs and several other organizations exercise this right; however some businesses are DISCRIMINATED against by the federal authorities and held liable for what is their right. At best Wal-Mart can be accused of foolish business practices, nothing more. It is shocking that the courts completely disregard the basic tenets of the constitution. If something requires a service to be provided to me by someone else then it can not be a right. An exchange of services requires mutual agreement. The only thing required as far as the rights are concerned is that people don’t violate yours. Again this is the case of the government preaching morality, which isn’t the business of a government. Interestingly why has the federal government limited the application of discrimination statutes to firms with a specified number of employees, such as fifteen or twenty?Shouldn’t these laws apply to all employers, regardless of size? The federal government limits the application of discrimination to firms with 15 or 20 employees because an organization under the law is responsible for providing reasonable accommodation. The ADA does not, however, require an employer to lower its product or performance standards to accommodate a disabl ed employee. If a particular accommodation would impose an undue hardship — such as a major financial strain on a company — a business owner must first try to find another way to comply.If a small business cannot afford to install a wheelchair ramp, for example, it might offer to split the cost with the employee. In extreme cases, however, undue hardship can exempt you from ADA regulations on a case-by-case basis. If rights were indeed violated then the size of the company shouldn’t matter at all. Whether an individual steals a single dollar or millions, its thievery, it is a violation of someone’s right to their property. Just because a poor person steals doesn’t make it alright.The punishment ought to befit the crime; however that is a separate issue. The federal agencies can not discriminate and create rights that do not exist and then cherry pick the people it will hold liable for the violation of these supposed rights. The fact that this is un constitutional and not enough people are outraged is a reflection of the extent to which the left has infested the mind of most people. Only in soviet Russia the need of a person is justification enough for the violation of someone’s rights.

Looking At The Diversity In Society Social Work Essay Example

Looking At The Diversity In Society Social Work Essay Example Looking At The Diversity In Society Social Work Essay Looking At The Diversity In Society Social Work Essay This essay explores how the individuality of Looked after kid LAC contribute to subjugation and favoritism in two specific countries of Education and Health. The essay will analyze the function of statute law and policy in battling or advancing favoritism and subjugation. The history, social attitudes, diverseness, positions of the kids and theories underpinning ( LAC ) will besides be discussed within the essay. Finally I will concentrate on the deductions and relevancy to Social Work pattern. For the intents of lucidity I will get down by specifying oppression , discrimination and stigma . Thompson ( 1997 ) identifies subjugation as the disregarding of persons or group of people s rights ensuing in inhuman or opprobrious intervention with laterality and power by one group over another. For Thompson ( 2006 ) , favoritism refers to a procedure of unfair or unequal intervention of persons or groups ensuing in sabotaging the involvements of people from a less powerful class within society. Goffman, ( 1963 ) , and Parker and Aggleton, ( 2003 ) , s theories of stigma help us to understand how stigma is constructed and its influence in people s lives. Goffman ( 1963 ) describes stigma as an property that is profoundly falling within a peculiar societal interaction, where the individual possessing the property falls short of social outlooks . Parker and Aggleton ( 2003 ) construe stigma as a tool of continuing or sabotaging societal constructions. They view stigma and favoritism as functional systems which maintain boundaries between those in power and those without. Through such power, societal inequalities are developed taking to creative activity of societal norms. Social norms formulate stigma as they govern interactions between people Diverseness in Society Assignment 1016433 and reenforce power constructions that serve to insulate those that are regarded as foreigners. From the above definitions of Oppression, Discrimination and stigma it can be deduced that the common elements are abuse of power and privilege ensuing in inequalities and disadvantage. ( LAC ) are one of the less fortunate groups of people in society who experience such intervention because of their individuality. The last three decennaries have experienced a immense inspection and repair and debut of statute law and policies seeking to turn to the demands of kids. The Children s Act 1989 ( CA 1989 ) reformed Law associating to kids and in peculiar set out the model for the proviso of support for kids and households and for the protection of kids in England and Wales. This was in line with the United Nations on the Rights of the Child ( UNCRC 1989 ) which was the first lawfully adhering International instrument to advance the rights of kids throughout the universe. Burke and Parker ( 2007 ) . Other relevant statute law and policies are The Quality Protects ( 1998 ) , Children Leaving Care Act ( 2000 ) , Adoption and Children Act ( 2002 ) , the Choice Protects policy, the Children s Act ( 2004 ) , Every Child Matters ( 2004 ) , Care Matters ( Green and White Papers ) and The Children and Young Persons Act ( 2008 ) . These enterprises were in response to studies of maltreatment, disregard, injury and safeguarding kids in different establishments of residential attention in the UK with the most publicized single instances such as the deceases of Victoria Climbe ( 2000 ) . It was revealed that Staff working with vulnerable kids was non adequately trained, strictly checked on enlisting, no support and watchfulness towards diverseness and openness. This led to Laming Report ( 2003 ) which revealed important weaknesss within persons and administrations which were meant to be looking after kids. Diverseness in Society Assignment 1016433 The Children s Act ( 2004 ) emerged to implement and turn to the recommendations. In 2009 Lord Laming was besides asked by the authorities to supply an exigency advancement study on issues environing safeguarding kids following the decease of Baby P in 2007. He identified and reinforced those systematic and single failures as the cause of decease to a kid whom they were supposed to look and care for. Crippling study ( 2009 ) Research has questioned the effectivity of such enterprises cut downing favoritism of LAC. A few illustrations are: Children experience of the Children Act ( 1989 ) , Discrimination Against Young People in Care ( 1998 ) : Remember my message ( 1993 ) , The Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care in England Project ( 2006 ) , Barriers to alter in the Social Care ( 2000 ) , Breaking at the seams ( 2010 ) and the recent Panorama BBC programme on experiences of kids go forthing Care ( 5 October 2010 ) . The UK is a multicultural society with diverseness which policy shapers and legislators need to admit. Blaine ( 2007 ) positions diverseness as the presence of differences in society in relation to gender, race, ethnicity, faith, societal category and sexual orientation. These differences are neither good nor bad nevertheless some of the differences are associated with inequality and disadvantage. Social work pattern is concerned with turn toing these differences and disadvantages. Burke and Parker ( 2007 ) Cocker and Allain ( 2008 ) identify ( LAC ) and ( YP ) as kids in the attention of the local authorization, through a Care Order made by a tribunal or voluntary understanding with their parent ( s ) to suit them. They may be looked after in kids s place Diverseness in Society Assignment 1016433 , by surrogate carers, or other household members. All unaccompanied refuge seeking kids are besides ( L AC ) . ( UASC ) There is no exact figure for ( LAC ) but ( Dfe Statistics 2010 ) reveal that there were about 64,400 looked after kids as at 31 March 2010 while the ( BBC Panorama October 2010 ) mentioned around 70, 000 looked after kids as on 5 October intending the figure is increasing. The chief grounds of being in attention were abuse or neglect ( 52 per cent ) . There were 3,400 Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Children ( UASC ) who were looked after at 31 March 2010. This is a lessening of 12 per cent from 2009. There is a lessening in the Unaccompanied Asylum Seeker Children. ( UASC ) ( DfES 2010 ) Hogg and Vaughan ( 2002 ) positions individuality as associated with the procedure an single becomes who they are in the sense of personhood and other s position of who they are. Furthermore a individual has multiple individualities which need to be seen as portion of the whole person as ignoring some facets would be deceptive and reductive of the person s individuality. Graham ( 2000 ) high spots that individualities have different significances and are non fixed but change over clip as a consequence of environment, personal fortunes and outside influences. These influences will significantly impact the societal experience and the self image of those defined, through, for illustration the experience of negative favoritism. All facets of a kid s individuality demand to be recognised and acknowledged regardless of gender, race, ethnicity or faith. By developing a positive individuality kids are motivated and their ego regard is enhanced for them to experience a sense of value, belonging and deserving Blaine ( 2007 ) . However Cocker and Allain ( 2008 ) argue that non all environments are positive in furthering this thought. When this occur the kid Diverseness in Society Assignment 1016433 becomes withdrawn and shy to open up and prosecute. Having a ( LAC ) individuality endangers a kid to be different, socially excluded, marginalised and denied equal chances in accessing services. Measuring Children in Need ( 2000 ) as such Social workers need to follow and work with a culturally sensitive attack and use the reconciliation act to heighten the resiliency construct. Masten ( 1994 ) cited in Daniel et Al ( 2002 ) Burke and Parker ( 2007 ) highlight that the Social Work context and the engagement of a Social worker in a kid s life apply and place the kid as different. This is revealed by the bureaucratic and comprehensive paperwork, regular reappraisal and educational meetings, visits, contact agreements and processs and guidelines are associated with the looked after kid but are non experienced by most kids in normal life scenes. However this statement is dismissed by Garret ( 2003 ) cited in Burke and Parker ( 2007 ) when he affirms that paperwork and bureaucratic processs are indispensable tools for a societal worker to utilize in assisting them place and turn to of import developmental demands of the kid but should nevertheless promote more one to one contact with the kid instead than disbursement clip on paperwork. Because of their individuality a LAC they are disadvantaged and discriminated against at School and in affairs related to Education DfE ( 2010 ) . Research has revealed that ( LAC ) do non execute good and are likely non to hold ( GCSE ) and most likely hazard being expelled from School due to behaviour. Statisticss show that a 3rd of ( LAC ) ( LAC ) obtains a GCSE and a farther fifth obtain fewer than five GCSEs. Although these figures are lower than a few old ages ago, they are still much higher than for kids as a whole: more than half non obtaining five or more General certificate of secondary educations compared to less than one in 10 kids as a whole. The Social Exclusion Unit ( 2003 ) published Diverseness in Society Assignment 1016433 A papers ( A Better Education for Children in Care ) which highlighted 5 grounds for the low attainment degrees runing from Instability caused by insecure arrangements, intimidation, deficiency of support and encouragement at place, clip out of school due to ejection, support and encouragement and emotional, mental or physical wellness. Schofield and Beek ( 2009 ) suggest that parents and people at place where the kid lives need to be supportive and promoting to the kid larning success. School environment should advance larning that develops a kid holistically to ease the ego find method and accepting themselves as they interact with other kids. This is non ever the instance as kids are disrupted of continuity in subsiding and doing friends if arrangement interruptions down. Sometimes strong-arming at school consequences in low ego regard. Although most local governments have put in topographic point a figure of inter disciplinary services looking at the physical, mental good being of kids discrapencies still exist. However in Jackson and McParlin ( 2006 ) in their article ( the instruction of kids in attention ) professionals are seen to be doing premises and leaping into decisions stoping up giving labels and long prescribed long term solutions to short term jobs unnecessarily. This is associated with disregard an d favoritism. More preparation and consciousness of diverseness, anti discriminatory patterns and individualized individual centred attack should be reinforced. ( Every Child Matters 2004 ) Morgan ( 2010 ) argues that the job of hapless school public presentation in ( LAC ) lies in the attention and instruction system non in the kids. They argue that the attention and instruction systems do non turn to pre attention experiences of the kid low attainment and besides failure to turn to the wake or the impact of separation when kids are removed from their households. The kid may be enduring from undiagnosed station Diverseness in Society Assignment 1016433 traumatic emphasis which can break out in any confined environment such as school schoolrooms. They besides argue that instructors have no cognition of the kid s history. Teacher preparation does non fit instructors with cognition of the attention system and on turn toing behavior from ( LAC ) . Jackson et Al. ( 2005 ) cited in Morgan ( 2010 ) carried out a research with pupils in Higher instruction who had a attention background over a 5 twelvemonth period. The respondents experienced a high degree of injury, maltreatment and disregard but were placed in surrogate places that were supportive and valued instruction. The findings revealed that surrogate households who support instruction and observe the kid s accomplishments are more likely to counterbalance to some degree the pre attention experiences and advance higher attainment in instruction. It is of import to put kids in arrangements which are supportive to the kid s success in instruction, surrogate resiliency and offer a safe topographic point to turn and accomplish. To back up kids s wellbeing the authorities has put in topographic point the Children and Young Persons Act ( 2008 ) with a committedness to advance the well-being of kids and those who are involved in their attention. Children and Young Persons Act ( 20 08 ) Dunnett et Al ( 2006 ) acknowledged the enterprises by Government such as the Health of Looked after Children ( DOh, 2002 ) in bettering the Health of Looked after Children as of import and the proposed Care Planning for LAC and Care Leavers to be implemented April 2011. However harmonizing to research a figure of wellness shortages still prevailed such as sick wellness, hapless diagnosing, and dental disregard, disregard of everyday immunization showing, hapless diagnosing, limited attending to chronic sick wellness and limited attending to mental wellness jobs. Surveies like the ( Hill and Walters 2004 ) and the ( Loughborough survey: Doh ) ( 2006 ) revealed incompatibilities and Diverseness in Society Assignment 1016433 concerns on audience and intervention. Besides surveies revealed that adolescents in attention found it hard to discourse sex instruction due to fear, deficiency of privateness and trust. They wanted a important trusty individual to confide in. As such most of their Health demands are overlooked and non met as they are labelled, stereotyped and marginalised. Axford ( 2008 ) in her article researching societal exclusion noted this trouble as more prevalent among kids from Black Ethnic Minority background who face a cultural, linguistic communication and racism within administrations that are meant to back up and look after them particularly asylum searchers. In an article ( LAC ) experiences of the Children Act ( 1989 ) highlighted that there are go oning myths about the Act which are still disfavoring ( LAC ) . The kids still feel they are non to the full cognizant of their rights under the Act as they face twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours ordinances and consecutive barriers. Children still feel they do non have what the jurisprudence says they should. A typical illustration was in socializing with limitations on hazard appraisals for nightlong corsets by adolescents in attention. This has brought a sense of favoritism and marginalization as it is for normal adolescents to make nightlong corsets. Prout ( 2000 ) cited in Glenny and Roaf ( 2008 ) further picked up another struggle and tenseness among within authorities sections and marks when he mentions that control and ego realization are both present in statute law and policy but in tenseness. On one cantonment there is the thought of sing kids as persons with a capacity for ego realization within a safe social environment while in the other cantonment there is the thought of sing kids as vulnerable and necessitating control, ordinance and surveillance. One illustration Youth Matters four challenges to assist adolescents achieve the ECM results. ( DfES 2005 ) Diverseness in Society Assignment 1016433 Social workers need to listen, prosecute and work in partnership with looked after kids. In a research by Holland ( 2010 ) to researching the Ethics of Care as being Marginalised, non being implemented and recognised it was evidenced that enduring relationships are disrupted by arrangements as kids frequently acknowledged their links to their yesteryear and important people in their lives. This highlights the importance of their single tract in advancing their well-being and interpersonal relationships and future accomplishments. Clarke ( 2010 ) emphasises the demand to prolong and advance enduring care relationships with formal carers and societal workers to avoid the effects of loss, neglect and worthlessness by listening to their narrative, researching and seting their demands and picks foremost. Oliver et Al ( 2006 ) Briefing Paper Advocacy for ( LAC ) unveiled that research has highlighted that there were some ambivalency within professionals as to what extent kids must be involved in determination devising to affairs refering their attention every bit good as resource barriers. To get the better of these restraints Winter ( 2009 ) suggeste d regular contact, feedback, protagonism and seting the demands of the kid foremost necessitate to be precedence as kids value being listened to and holding their wants fulfilled by active engagement in affairs refering their well-being. I besides have personal experience when I was involved in a audience exercising with Young Persons ( YP ) go forthing attention as portion of my coursework. The ( YP ) highlighted that sometimes they did non have any feedback from societal workers when they contact them. Besides they mentioned that there was a batch of bureaucratism which they felt treated them as different and treated them discriminatory for illustration societal work visits at school and regular reappraisals or educational meetings. They felt they wanted to be treated as normal kids non Service users. Barriers to Change in the Social Diverseness in Society Assignment 1016433 Care ( 2000 ) suggest and support that there should be a Human rights attack in working with looked after children.Glenny and Roaf ( 2008 ) suggested earlyIntervention is indispensable to back up kids and households before jobs either from within the household or as a consequence of external factors, which have an impact on both the kid and household. Statutory and voluntary administrations have an duty to work in partnership for the success of early intercession docket. Teamwork will set up protocols which will assist to guarantee early indicants of being at hazard of societal exclusion are addressed and receive proper attending. McLeod ( 1998 ) highlighted the demand to admit Child development which enable kids accept and discover themselves through phases and exposure to advance ego consciousness, assurance, self esteem and positive attitudes. McLeod highlighted Freud s psycho-analysis theory ( 1859-1939 ) , Erickson s psycho-social development theory ( 1950 ) and Bowlby s fond regard theory ( 1969 ) . This position is shared in the literature reappraisal by Hunt ( 2003 ) cited in ( Ritchie ( 2005 ) critical reappraisal ) which highlights that although there is no concrete grounds of affinity attention over non kin Foster attention there are indicants that opportunities are the former promotes the kid s well-being and public assistance than the latter. It is of import for Social Workers to be cognizant of child developmental demands and how valuable household ties are. Schofield and Beek, ( 2005 ) cited in Shaw ( 2010 ) affirms that past relationships with household and professionals has an impact on the ki d s well-being and ability to get by with life on their ain. Active rearing concentrating on the kid s demands and positive battle with the kid will assist and advance accomplishments to cover with hard state of affairss in life. Social workers need to advance resiliency to authorise kids to face challenges and trade with their yesteryear and hereafter. Daniel and Wassell ( 2002 ) Diverseness in Society Assignment 1016433 Bates et Al ( 1997 ) suggests that appraisal model should further individuality and acknowledge diverseness in order to advance a kid s perceptual experience of themselves and their environment. Social workers need to use anti-discriminatory pattern with chances and resources for ego find through interaction. ( Assessment for Children in demand Practice 2000 ) The Children and Young Persons Act ( 2008 ) besides emphasises its committedness to advance a kid s well being and the people involved in the attention of the kid. Although there has been noteworthy enterprises in turn toing the demands of Looked after kids for the past 10 old ages a batch still has to be done in footings of social attitudes, resources and safeguarding. To accomplish the every kid affairs outcomes all the stakeholders need to work together by seting the demands and act in the best involvement of the kid. By listening and prosecuting with ( LAC ) practicians will be able to better Children s quality of life. Anti prejudiced pattern, authorization, diverseness and equal chances patterns are portion of the reply. . 3033words Diverseness in Society Assignment 1016433

Conjugating the French Verb Rire (to Laugh)

Conjugating the French Verb Rire (to Laugh) In French, the verb  rire  means to laugh. Its a fun and simple word and, hopefully, youll have plenty of opportunities to use it while studying French. The key to using  rire  properly in sentences is learning the most common conjugations so you can use it in the present, past, and future tenses. This lesson will show you how thats done. The Basic Conjugations of  Rire Rire may be a short word, but its also an irregular verb. This means that it does not follow the same pattern for the infinitive endings as most other French verbs. However, it is similar to sourire (to smile), so you can study the two together to make each a little easier. To start any conjugation, we need to identify the verb stem. In this case, that is simply   ri-. With that, youll add the various endings that match the subject pronoun as well as the tense of the sentence. For example, I am laughing is  je ris  and we laughed is  nous riions. Present Future Imperfect je ris rirai riais tu ris riras riais il rit rira riait nous rions rirons riions vous riez rirez riiez ils rient riront riaient The Present Participle of Rire In French, the  present participle  is most often formed by adding -ant  to the verb stem. Rire  follows this rule to form  riant. Rire  in the Past Tense Rather than use the imperfect to indicate the past tense of laughed, you can use the passà © composà ©. To form it, you will need the auxiliary verb avoir and the very short past participle ri. It is rather easy to construct this common form of the past tense. For example, I laughed is  jai ri  and we were laughing is  nous avons ri. Notice how  avoir  is the only word that needs to be conjugated and that it is in the present tense. This is because the past participle indicates that the action has already happened. More Simple Conjugations of Rire The verb conjugations above are most common, but you may need to know more forms of  rire  as you become more fluent in French. For instance, if theres a doubt as to whether someone is laughing, you can use the subjunctive verb mood. In a similar fashion, if someone wont laugh unless something else happens, use the conditional verb mood. There may also be times when youll encounter either the passà © simple  or  the imperfect subjunctive. These are, however, most often found in formal French, particularly literature. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je rie rirais ris risse tu ries rirais ris risses il rie rirait rit rt nous riions ririons rmes rissions vous riiez ririez rtes rissiez ils rient riraient rirent rissent When you wish to use  rire  in short commands or requests theres no need to include the subject pronoun. This is called  the imperative verb mood  and rather than saying  tu ris, you can simplify it to  ris. Imperative (tu) ris (nous) rions (vous) riez

Letter of Recommendations

Letter of Recommendations Letter of Recommendations The letter of recommendation for any position or a promotion is to give an overall assessment of the candidates potential in excelling in the new position. In other words, the letter of recommendation is the support the candidate professional promise depending of the assessment that was done in the previous position that the candidate held. The importance of the recommendation letter is to give and highlight on the key and important areas of the student that will only show his strengths and the fitness for the position. The letter of recommendation should be well typed, clear and precise. The following qualities make the letter look more profession and well organized and this is what most recruiters look for in the letter. Is the letter focusing on the applicant? The letter of application should concentrate on the applicants capabilities and promise of his fitting to the next position. Description of the applicants record; The letter of recommendation should highlight on the performance of the applicant in his former position as this will give a hint on how well equipped he is for the next position. The letter of application should contain an overall record of the accomplishments of the applicant for this will enable the recruiter assess the capability of the applicant. The letter of recommendation should also portray characteristics that will support the applicant through giving the recruiter an easy way to predict the potential growth of the applicant. The letter of recommendation usually consists of three main parts, the introduction, assessment and recommendation or conclusion. Introduction part gives a general highlight of the applicant while the assessment gives the data or evidence of the capability of the applicant. The recommendation part recommends the applicant in the new position through the support of the assessment.

Through The Eyes Of The Native Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Through The Eyes Of The Native - Essay Example They sided with the British because they stuck an agreement with King George III to protect them from Americans who were getting their lands from them. Because of this, the Native Americans saw this as a positive development because this would serve as their defense against the Americans, who they think were robbing them of their territories. The Iroquois was led by Joseph Brant or Thayendenaga, a Native American who was educated in Moor’s Indian Charity School. He worked as an English translator and was the chief of the Mohawk tribe3. The British lost the Revolution and in the Preliminary Articles of Peace in 1972, when they were making agreements with the Americans, they have failed to mention the plight of the Native Americans. This shocked Brant as they also learned that the British were selling them out to Americans. The British also failed to keep their promise of setting aside their lands, as in their previous treaties 4. They were â€Å"sold† to the Americans, as a result. Because of this, we can conclude that the American Revolution was a catastrophe for the Native Americans. They were used and they were made victims of a broken promise. They allied with the British with the hope that they could have helped in defending their native culture and territory but in the end, they were sold to the Americans too, without even them knowing it. In the end, we can say that they would have been better off on their

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 29

Homework - Essay Example However, as a Barnaby College graduate, I believe that you will be able to sail through the challenges jus like me. In my case, after graduation, I entered the job market, and later did my MBA at Harvard. Landing a job with the Flyover Airlines was a fantastic experience for me. While there, I applied all my knowledge and expertise, and due to my excellent performance, I quickly climbed up the career ladder to become the President of Flyover Airlines. While serving as the President of Flyover Airlines, I employed my innovativeness to develop new programs. Among them is the new service, AirTaxi. This employs small jets, and flies passengers at 20% more than the normal fare, as the flights are made on demand. Those of you that read last year’s issue of the International Airlines Magazine can testify that Flyover Airlines was named the Small Airliner of the year. This was all thanks to the new service, which I innovatively developed. Barnaby College emphasized and nurtured in me innovativeness, among other key skills. Therefore, my soon-to-be fellow alumni, go out there and make use of all the skills and knowledge you have acquired at Barnaby. Only through this way will you make your future to be unquestionably

Operations and IT Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Operations and IT Management - Essay Example This will significantly reduce conflicts when we come to implementation or operations of the managers. The information lifecycle approach has strengthened customer relationship management, which is a widely applied strategy for running a company’s relations with its customers, clients as well as sales prospects. It encompasses the use of technology to organize, computerize, and harmonize business processes-mainly sales activities, but, in addition to those for marketing, client service, along with technical support (Fitzsimmon, 2005). The predominant goals are to find, attract, and convince new clients, nurture and lock in the customers, which the company already had before, entice previous clients back into the fold, and minimize advertising costs and client services. Customer relationship management illustrates a company’s broad business plan including client interface sections as well as other departments. Computing and valuing customers’ correlation is crucial to implementing this strategy. This has tremendously reduced conflicts between operations managers and information technology managers, due to specialization and division of areas of jurisdiction within the business system. Information privacy and data security; operations managers and information technology managers are now working concurrently to ensure that there is information security. Given the fact that security is an area of concern in the business sector, the two bodies have no choice but, to pull together as a team in considering the desire for information and data privacy, as well as the legislative and cultural standards. Some clients would like their pertinent information to remain their secret, and not to allow any other unauthorized persons, without their permission access to it. Information lifecycle approach enables business firms to keep different business documentation for a different

Leadership in Shia Islam, Orthodox Judaism, and Roman Catholicism Essay

Leadership in Shia Islam, Orthodox Judaism, and Roman Catholicism - Essay Example The imamate history began with Ali, who is also accepted by Sunni Muslims as the fourth of the "rightly guided caliphs" to succeed the Prophet. Shias respect Ali as the First Imam, and his children, beginning with his sons Hassan and Husain, continue the line of the Imams until the twelfth. When Ali was six years old, he was invited by the Prophet to live with him, and Shia believes Ali was the first person to make the declaration of faith in Islam. Ali also slept in the Prophets bed on the night of the hijra, when it was feared that the house would be attacked by unbelievers and the Prophet stabbed to death. He fought in all the battles the Prophet did, except one, and the Prophet chose him to be the husband of one of his favorite daughters, Fatima. The Shia Imams represent the picture of both the mysterious and transparent dimensions of Islam. The authority of Imams includes both this worldly and other worldly affairs. One of the most significant doctrines underlying the possibility of the Imam’s comprehensive authority is their infallibility. The Sunnis believe that the Imams are infallible to any sin. For them if the Imams were considered to be the subject to sin and error, then there will not be any difference between the leader and the led which will paralyze the structure and operation of their religion. The followers are well advised to keep the authority of the Imam intact since though the Imam only the God is dispersing duties blessings to the followers as per the Shia’s belief. Only the Imams have the authority to reveal the hidden meanings of Qur’an. Since the Imams provide continuous authoritative interpretations of the Qur’an they are supposed to be free of any sin or error. It is a cond ition for Imam. The Imams are considered to be the charismatic leaders through their association with Mohammad as messenger of Allah. Jewish People believe in good and evils and they think that goodness

Major HR issues and International managers Essay

Major HR issues and International managers - Essay Example Thus, â€Å"globalization is mainly process driven by international trade and investment for the benefit of the investor as well as the host country, with particularly emphasis on the employees as well as employees on both sides† (Rothenberg 2002, p.1). While employing local employees in the host country as well as employees from the foreign countries or expatriate employees, organizations have to implement certain International Human Resource Management (IHRM) aspects to manage those employees optimally and effectively. This is where the role of international managers assumes importance. That is, the international managers by using IHRM concepts have to play a prominent role in the management of human resources or employees particularly foreign or expatriate employees. Human Resource Management (HRM) is concerned with the way in which organizations manage their people (Redman and Wilkinson 2001). So, this paper will discuss how the employee centric HRM aspects like appraisal and assessment techniques, rewarding system and importantly training has to be managed effectively by the International managers to enhance the manageability of the local employees working in an MNC under foreign management as well as the expatriate employees working in an MNC under foreign management, in total employees who are working under foreign or international management. Role of International Human Resources Management (IHRM) Organizations particularly MNCs, will not remain â€Å"static†. They will or have to break ‘boundaries’ both from geographical perspective as well as economical perspective to utilize the opportunities in the new markets or countries and emerge successful. Thus, internationalisation is a happening concept which is being used by many firms to expand their reach globally. â€Å"As the global economy expands, as more products and services compete on a global basis and as more and more firms operate outside their countries of origin, th e impact on various business functions becomes more pronounced† (Briscoe and Schuler 2004, p. 20). When the organizations enter new countries as part of their global expansion plans, they will recruit employees from the local population. They will do that as a feasible as well as a responsible thing. That is, feasible thing in the sense, as the MNC will be stationed in those host countries, recruiting from local places will be an easy process than bringing employees from their home country or other Third countries. (Scullion and Collings 2006). In addition, as they will be manufacturing and marketing product or service for the local population, local employees will be the best choice. Importantly, it is a responsible thing because through recruitment of local employees, MNCs will try to give a share of their benefits. Although it is an unwritten rule, organizations are duty bound to recruit the local employees. Apart from fulfilling their responsibility, this recruitment of lo cal employees importantly will provide the MNCs with cheap and surplus labour. Thus, with the recruitment of local employees being a key component of MNC’s operations, the recruited employees have to be managed optimally by the International managers on the basis of effective HR policies or IHRM policies. After the

Indicate the divergence about social of UK in EU Essay

Indicate the divergence about social of UK in EU - Essay Example However, it was observed that the European Union failed to create effective constitutional machinery which affected the proper administration of its member countries. The making of the Lisbon Treaty in December 2009 created a change in the above situation. Further expansion programs helped in the creation of a faction known as the European Communities which came into effect from 1967. It was observed that the European Community was formed by the joint collaboration of three communities which rendered its focus mainly on strengthening the economic and cultural base. The other three countries which joined the European Commission in 1973 were observed to be Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. The administrative power of the European Union was given a further impetus with the enactment of the Maastricht Treaty which came into effect in 1991. People residing within the member countries of the European Union were conferred the European citizenship which helped them commute within the member states. However, United Kingdom showed a steady divergence to the social policy measures of the European Union which highlighted on labor and other social issues. United Kingdom was found to ‘opt-out’ from the Social Chapter of the Maastricht Treaty. (Profile: The European Union, 2010). The United Kingdom holds a prominent position amongst the European countries constituting the European Union. United Kingdom has held its permanent representation to the body of the European Union as UKRep. It is observed that the making of the UKRep helped in further enhancing the ties of United Kingdom to the European Union. The UKRep constituted helps United Kingdom to potentially represent itself in the body of European Union through the acts of its various representatives. The representatives of United Kingdom through UKRep help in the focusing of issues pertaining to the country by attracting

Leadership in Shia Islam, Orthodox Judaism, and Roman Catholicism Essay

Leadership in Shia Islam, Orthodox Judaism, and Roman Catholicism - Essay Example The imamate history began with Ali, who is also accepted by Sunni Muslims as the fourth of the "rightly guided caliphs" to succeed the Prophet. Shias respect Ali as the First Imam, and his children, beginning with his sons Hassan and Husain, continue the line of the Imams until the twelfth. When Ali was six years old, he was invited by the Prophet to live with him, and Shia believes Ali was the first person to make the declaration of faith in Islam. Ali also slept in the Prophets bed on the night of the hijra, when it was feared that the house would be attacked by unbelievers and the Prophet stabbed to death. He fought in all the battles the Prophet did, except one, and the Prophet chose him to be the husband of one of his favorite daughters, Fatima. The Shia Imams represent the picture of both the mysterious and transparent dimensions of Islam. The authority of Imams includes both this worldly and other worldly affairs. One of the most significant doctrines underlying the possibility of the Imam’s comprehensive authority is their infallibility. The Sunnis believe that the Imams are infallible to any sin. For them if the Imams were considered to be the subject to sin and error, then there will not be any difference between the leader and the led which will paralyze the structure and operation of their religion. The followers are well advised to keep the authority of the Imam intact since though the Imam only the God is dispersing duties blessings to the followers as per the Shia’s belief. Only the Imams have the authority to reveal the hidden meanings of Qur’an. Since the Imams provide continuous authoritative interpretations of the Qur’an they are supposed to be free of any sin or error. It is a cond ition for Imam. The Imams are considered to be the charismatic leaders through their association with Mohammad as messenger of Allah. Jewish People believe in good and evils and they think that goodness

Indicate the divergence about social of UK in EU Essay

Indicate the divergence about social of UK in EU - Essay Example However, it was observed that the European Union failed to create effective constitutional machinery which affected the proper administration of its member countries. The making of the Lisbon Treaty in December 2009 created a change in the above situation. Further expansion programs helped in the creation of a faction known as the European Communities which came into effect from 1967. It was observed that the European Community was formed by the joint collaboration of three communities which rendered its focus mainly on strengthening the economic and cultural base. The other three countries which joined the European Commission in 1973 were observed to be Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. The administrative power of the European Union was given a further impetus with the enactment of the Maastricht Treaty which came into effect in 1991. People residing within the member countries of the European Union were conferred the European citizenship which helped them commute within the member states. However, United Kingdom showed a steady divergence to the social policy measures of the European Union which highlighted on labor and other social issues. United Kingdom was found to ‘opt-out’ from the Social Chapter of the Maastricht Treaty. (Profile: The European Union, 2010). The United Kingdom holds a prominent position amongst the European countries constituting the European Union. United Kingdom has held its permanent representation to the body of the European Union as UKRep. It is observed that the making of the UKRep helped in further enhancing the ties of United Kingdom to the European Union. The UKRep constituted helps United Kingdom to potentially represent itself in the body of European Union through the acts of its various representatives. The representatives of United Kingdom through UKRep help in the focusing of issues pertaining to the country by attracting

Teenage Suicide Essay Example for Free

Teenage Suicide Essay Depression is the leading cause of teenage suicide. Severe depression is often accompanied by a general sense of suffering as well as the belief to escape from its hopelessness. The pain of existence often becomes too much for severe depressed people to bear. The state of depression changes their thinking, allowing ideas like â€Å"Everyone would all be better off without me† to make rational sense. They shouldn’t be blamed for falling prey to such distorted thoughts any more than a heart patient should be blamed for experiencing chest pain: it’s simply the nature of their disease. Often people suffer with it silently, planning suicide without anyone ever knowing. Untreated mental illness including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and many others are the cause for the wide majority of suicides. Some of the negative life experiences like death of a loved one, divorce, separation, or being victimized (domestic violence, rape, assault, etc), a loved one being victimized (child murder, child molestation, kidnapping, murder, rape, assault, etc.), feeling trapped in a situation perceived as negative, feeling that things will never get better, feeling helpless, feeling taken advantage of, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, a feeling of not being accepted by family, friends, or society, bullying, low self-esteem may trigger depression which mainly leads to suicide. However, depression can also lead to rape. Rape is a horrible crime and it effects the victims for the rest of their lives. Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder are common conditions among rape victims. Numerous rape victims have suicidal thoughts which leads to actually committing suicide. Unfortunately, sexual assaults are extremely common. Rape victim endure physical and emotional pain. Teenager thats done been through a sexual abuse feel many different emiotions including fear of their abuser, anger at other adults around them who didnt protect them, isolation because they feel alone in their experience, shame for not being able to stop the abuse, guilt for not being able to stop the abuse and confusion because their feelings change constantly. Many rape victims said,They feel like the rapist sentenced them to a life of hell. Bullying is the third leading cause of teenage suicide. Bully-related suicide among teenagers can be connected to any type of bullying, including physical bullying, emotional bullying, cyberbullying, and sexting. Bullying is an extremely serious problem in schools that is resulting to people taking their own lives. Many adults  still see bullying as being kid related, but it is a serious problem that leads to many negative effects for victims, including suicide. Bully victims are between 2 to 9 times more likely to consider suicide than non- victims, according to Yale Unveristy. The most popular and powerful, single out and harshly bully a socially weaker classmate which then drives the victim into a darkness where he or she sees no alternative other than committing suicide. Bullying is defined as an ongoing pattern of intimidation by a child or teenager over others who have less power.